ArticleThe British journal of radiology2014
Pyogenic and non-pyogenic spinal infections: emphasis on diffusion-weighted imaging for the detection of abscesses and pus collections.
Article in The British journal of radiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Imaging clues for the diagnosis of various pathogenic causes of infectious spondylitis.Skeletal radiology · 2025Review
- Clinical Features and Treatment Differences Among Tuberculous, Brucellosis, and Pyogenic Spondylitis: A Cohort Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Spondylodiscitis and Its Mimickers: A Pictorial Review.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- MRI findings and classification of brucella spondylitis: a China multicenter study.European journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Spinal Epidural Abscess Caused by Campylobacter jejuni Without Gastrointestinal Symptoms.Cureus · 2024Article
- Intradural Extramedullary Pyogenic Abscess: Incidence, Management, and Clinical Outcomes in 45 Patients With a Mean Follow Up of 2 Years.Global spine journal · 2024Article
- State of the art in the diagnostic evaluation of osteomyelitis: exploring the role of advanced MRI sequences-a narrative review.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2024Review
- Advances in Bone Marrow Imaging: Strengths and Limitations from a Clinical Perspective.Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology · 2023Article
- The value of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in the study of spinal disorders.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2022Review
- Atlantoaxial instability and cervical noninfectious spondylodiscitis in a patient with Wegener's granulomatosis: A case report.Clinical case reports · 2022Article
- Imaging Evaluation of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Painful Discs-Advances and Challenges in Quantitative MRI.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Chronic spinal epidural abscess in a cat: a case report with an unusual imaging finding.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2022Article
- The effectiveness of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy combined with external lumbar drainage in the treatment of intervertebral infections.Frontiers in surgery · 2022Article
- Magnetic resonance imaging of musculoskeletal infections.Polish journal of radiology · 2022Review
- Lumbar cisternSurgical neurology international · 2022Article
- Article
- Early surgery with antibiotic medication was effective and efficient in treating pyogenic spondylodiscitis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2021Article
- Vertebral osteomyelitis as a hidden cause of persistent meningeal irritation in a patient with pneumococcal meningitis: A case report.Medicine · 2021Article
- Pediatric spinal infection with epidural abscess: A report of two cases.Surgical neurology international · 2021Article
- Role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of vertebral bone marrow lesions.Polish journal of radiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The incidence of spinal infections has increased in the past two decades, owing to the increasing number of elderly patients, immunocompromised conditions, spinal surgery and instrumentation, vascular access and intravenous drug use. Conventional MRI is the gold standard for diagnostic imaging; however, there are still a significant number of misdiagnosed cases. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with a b-value of 1000 and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps provide early and accurate detection of abscess and pus collection. Pyogenic infections are classified into four types of extension based on MRI and DWI findings: (1) epidural/paraspinal abscess with spondylodiscitis, (2) epidural/paraspinal abscess with facet joint infection, (3) epidural/paraspinal abscess without concomitant spondylodiscitis or facet joint infection and (4) intradural abscess (subdural abscess, purulent meningitis and spinal cord abscess). DWI easily detects abscesses and demonstrates the extension, multiplicity and remote disseminated infection. DWI is often a key image in the differential diagnosis. Important differential diagnoses include epidural, subdural or subarachnoid haemorrhage, cerebrospinal fluid leak, disc herniation, synovial cyst, granulation tissue, intra- or extradural tumour and post-surgical fluid collections. DWI and the ADC values are affected by susceptibility artefacts, incomplete fat suppression and volume-averaging artefacts. Recognition of artefacts is essential when interpreting DWI of spinal and paraspinal infections. DWI is not only useful for the diagnosis but also for the treatment planning of pyogenic and non-pyogenic spinal infections.
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