ArticleBMC pediatrics2014
Systemic antibiotic prescribing to paediatric outpatients in 5 European countries: a population-based cohort study.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Public Information Needs and Interest in Specific Food and Drug Allergy Disorders in Germany (2022-2024): Google Search Engine Analysis.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Analysis of antibiotic prescription in upper respiratory tract infections in children 0-4 years of age in primary care. Impact of age and health care setting.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Breastfeeding and early Bifidobacterium-driven microbial colonization shape the infant gut resistome.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The Impact of Ivy Leaf Dry Extract EA 575 on Subsequent Antibiotic Use and Its Therapeutic Value in Children and Adolescents with the Common Cold: A Retrospective Prescription Database Analysis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- National outpatient antibiotic prescriptions in Cyprus, 2020-2022.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2025Article
- Parental knowledge, attitudes, and practices on probiotic use in preschool children in Serbia: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing in Early Life: A Population-Based Study Across Birth Cohorts in Denmark and Germany.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Article
- The impact of probiotics and vitamin C on the prevention of upper respiratory tract symptoms in two preschool children cohorts.Nutrition research and practice · 2024Article
- Trends in antibiotic prescribing in primary care out-of-hours doctors' services in Ireland.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2024Article
- Antibiotic prescriptions for oral diseases in India: evidence from national prescription data.BMC oral health · 2023Article
- Maternal Mycobiome, but Not Antibiotics, Alters Fungal Community Structure in Neonatal Piglets.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2022Article
- Prescribing Patterns and Variations of Antibiotic Use for Children in Ambulatory Care: A Nationwide Study.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns in Paediatric Primary Care in Italy: Findings from 2012-2018.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Antibiotic prescribing for acute, non-complicated infections in primary care in Germany: baseline assessment in the cluster randomized trial ARena.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Review
- Article
- Early childhood infections and body mass index in adolescence.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2021Article
- Using evidence-based infographics to increase parents' understanding about antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance: a proof-of-concept study.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2020Article
- Evaluating antimicrobial appropriateness in a tertiary care pediatric ICU in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective cohort study.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 8 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTo describe the utilisation of antibiotics in children and adolescents across 5 European countries based on the same drug utilisation measures and age groups. Special attention was given to age-group-specific distributions of antibiotic subgroups, since comparison in this regard between countries is lacking so far.
methodsOutpatient paediatric prescriptions of systemic antibiotics during the years 2005-2008 were analysed using health care databases from the UK, the Netherlands, Denmark, Italy and Germany. Annual antibiotic prescription rates per 1,000 person years were estimated for each database and stratified by age (≤4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-18 years). Age-group-specific distributions of antibiotic subgroups were calculated for 2008.
resultsWith 957 prescriptions per 1000 person years, the highest annual prescription rate in the year 2008 was found in the Italian region Emilia Romagna followed by Germany (561), the UK (555), Denmark (481) and the Netherlands (294). Seasonal peaks during winter months were most pronounced in countries with high utilisation. Age-group-specific use varied substantially between countries with regard to total prescribing and distributions of antibiotic subgroups. However, prescription rates were highest among children in the age group ≤4 years in all countries, predominantly due to high use of broad spectrum penicillins.
conclusionsStrong increases of antibiotic prescriptions in winter months in high utilising countries most likely result from frequent antibiotic treatment of mostly viral infections. This and strong variations of overall and age-group-specific distributions of antibiotic subgroups across countries, suggests that antibiotics are inappropriately used to a large extent.
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