ArticleBMC microbiology2014
Biofilms formed by Candida albicans bloodstream isolates display phenotypic and transcriptional heterogeneity that are associated with resistance and pathogenicity.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers.
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67 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Understanding Heterogeneity and Tolerance of Dual Candida albicans-Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms to Cold Atmospheric Plasma and Antimicrobial Combinations.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Synthetic Human Lactoferrin Peptide hLF(1-11) Shows Antifungal Activity and Synergism with Fluconazole and Anidulafungin TowardsAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
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- Antimicrobial Activity of the Peptide C14R Against Ab Initio Growing and Preformed Biofilms ofBiomolecules · 2025Article
- Trichophyton rubrum inhibits Candida albicans filamentation and its gene expression when grown in biofilms in vitro.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2025Article
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- An integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic approach to investigate the heterogeneousBiofilm · 2023Article
- Cm-p5 Peptide Dimers Inhibit Biofilms ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The Interplay betweenMicroorganisms · 2023Review
- Identification and Characterization of Three New Antimicrobial Peptides from the Marine MolluskInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The Candida glabrata Parent Strain Trap: How Phenotypic Diversity Affects Metabolic Fitness and Host Interactions.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Reversal of Azole Resistance inBiomedicines · 2023Article
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- Assessment of Biofilm Formation byJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- An intestinalVeterinary world · 2022Article
- Increased Activities against Biofilms of the Pathogenic YeastPharmaceutics · 2022Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Abstract
backgroundCandida albicans infections have become increasingly recognised as being biofilm related. Recent studies have shown that there is a relationship between biofilm formation and poor clinical outcomes in patients infected with biofilm proficient strains. Here we have investigated a panel of clinical isolates in an attempt to evaluate their phenotypic and transcriptional properties in an attempt to differentiate and define levels of biofilm formation.
resultsBiofilm formation was shown to be heterogeneous; with isolates being defined as either high or low biofilm formers (LBF and HBF) based on different biomass quantification. These categories could also be differentiated using a cell surface hydrophobicity assay with 24 h biofilms. HBF isolates were more resistance to amphotericin B (AMB) treatment than LBF, but not voriconazole (VRZ). In a Galleria mellonella model of infection HBF mortality was significantly increased in comparison to LBF. Histological analysis of the HBF showed hyphal elements intertwined indicative of the biofilm phenotype. Transcriptional analysis of 23 genes implicated in biofilm formation showed no significant differential expression profiles between LBF and HBF, except for Cdr1 at 4 and 24 h. Cluster analysis showed similar patterns of expression for different functional classes of genes, though correlation analysis of the 4 h biofilms with overall biomass at 24 h showed that 7 genes were correlated with high levels of biofilm, including Als3, Eap1, Cph1, Sap5, Plb1, Cdr1 and Zap1.
conclusionsOur findings show that biofilm formation is variable amongst C. albicans isolates, and categorising isolates depending on this can be used to predict how pathogenic the isolate will behave clinically. We have shown that looking at individual genes in less informative than looking at multiple genes when trying to categorise isolates at LBF or HBF. These findings are important when developing biofilm-specific diagnostics as these could be used to predict how best to treat patients infected with C. albicans. Further studies are required to evaluate this clinically.
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