Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24995277›Full record

ReviewBioMed research international2014

Methodological issues and evidence of malfeasance in research purporting to show thimerosal in vaccines is safe.

Brian Hooker, Janet Kern, David Geier, Boyd Haley, Lisa Sykes, Paul King, Mark Geier

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in BioMed research international, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. The Neuroimmunology of Autism.Molecular neurobiology · 2025
    Review
  3. Observational
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. The Metal Neurotoxins: An Important Role in Current Human Neural Epidemics?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017
    Review
  9. A Two-Phase Case-Control Study of Autism Risk Among Children Born From the Late 1990s Through the Early 2000s in the United States.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2016
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Brian HookerSimpson University, 2211 College View Drive, Redding, CA 96001, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2010-1899
Janet KernInstitute of Chronic Illness, Inc., 14 Redgate Court, Silver Spring, MD 20905, USA ; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
David GeierInstitute of Chronic Illness, Inc., 14 Redgate Court, Silver Spring, MD 20905, USA.
Boyd HaleyUniversity of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
Lisa SykesCoMeD, Inc., Silver Spring, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3653-7152
Paul KingCoMeD, Inc., Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Mark GeierInstitute of Chronic Illness, Inc., 14 Redgate Court, Silver Spring, MD 20905, USA.
Simpson University · USThe University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center · USUniversity of Kentucky · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There are over 165 studies that have focused on Thimerosal, an organic-mercury (Hg) based compound, used as a preservative in many childhood vaccines, and found it to be harmful. Of these, 16 were conducted to specifically examine the effects of Thimerosal on human infants or children with reported outcomes of death; acrodynia; poisoning; allergic reaction; malformations; auto-immune reaction; Well's syndrome; developmental delay; and neurodevelopmental disorders, including tics, speech delay, language delay, attention deficit disorder, and autism. In contrast, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that Thimerosal is safe and there is "no relationship between [T]himerosal[-]containing vaccines and autism rates in children." This is puzzling because, in a study conducted directly by CDC epidemiologists, a 7.6-fold increased risk of autism from exposure to Thimerosal during infancy was found. The CDC's current stance that Thimerosal is safe and that there is no relationship between Thimerosal and autism is based on six specific published epidemiological studies coauthored and sponsored by the CDC. The purpose of this review is to examine these six publications and analyze possible reasons why their published outcomes are so different from the results of investigations by multiple independent research groups over the past 75+ years.

Indexed as

Autistic DisorderHumansInfantPreservatives, PharmaceuticalThimerosalUnited StatesVaccinesPreservatives, PharmaceuticalThimerosalVaccines

Identifiers

PMID24995277
PMCPMC4065774
OpenAlexW2164033258

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.