Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24992373›Full record

ArticleBioconjugate chemistry2014

Redox-triggered self-assembly of gadolinium-based MRI probes for sensing reducing environment.

Deju Ye, Prachi Pandit, Paul Kempen, Jianguo Lin, Liqin Xiong, Robert Sinclair, Brian Rutt, Jianghong Rao

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Bioconjugate chemistry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Hypoxia Imaging as a Radiomics Signature in Tumors Using NovelbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Enzymatic Noncovalent Synthesis.Chemical reviews · 2020
    Review
  7. Reduction TriggeredJournal of the American Chemical Society · 2020
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Instructed-Assembly (iA): A Molecular Process for Controlling Cell Fate.Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan · 2018
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Economical and scalable synthesis of 6-amino-2-cyanobenzothiazole.Beilstein journal of organic chemistry · 2016
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Deju YeMolecular Imaging Program, Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States.
Prachi Pandit
Paul Kempen
Jianguo Lin
Liqin Xiong
Robert Sinclair
Brian Rutt
Jianghong Rao
Stanford University · US

Funding

Small Animal ImagingP50CA114747 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI RAO, JIANGHONG · 2005 to 2014
$18.2M
Pilot ProjectsU54CA151459 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI GAMBHIR, SANJIV S · 2010 to 2014
$12.6M
Stanford Molecular Imaging Scholars (SMIS) ProgramT32CA118681 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI CRAIG S LEVIN · 2016 to 2026
$4.3M
NCI NIH HHS 1P50CA114747NCI NIH HHS 1U54CA151459NCI NIH HHS P50 CA114747NCI NIH HHS T32 CA118681NCI NIH HHS U54 CA151459
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Controlled self-assembly of small molecule gadolinium (Gd) complexes into nanoparticles (GdNPs) is emerging as an effective approach to design activatable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probes and amplify the r₁ relaxivity. Herein, we employ a reduction-controlled macrocyclization reaction and self-assembly to develop a redox activated Gd-based MRI probe for sensing a reducing environment. Upon disulfide reduction at physiological conditions, an acyclic contrast agent 1 containing dual Gd-chelates undergoes intramolecular macrocyclization to form rigid and hydrophobic macrocycles, which subsequently self-assemble into GdNPs, resulting in a ∼60% increase in r₁ relaxivity at 0.5 T. Probe 1 has high r₁ relaxivity (up to 34.2 mM(-1) s(-1) per molecule at 0.5 T) upon activation, and also shows a high sensitivity and specificity for MR detection of thiol-containing biomolecules.

Indexed as

GadoliniumGlutathioneHeLa CellsHeterocyclic Compounds, 1-RingHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMetal NanoparticlesOxidation-Reduction1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane- 1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acidGadoliniumGlutathioneHeterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring

Identifiers

PMID24992373
PMCPMC4140571
OpenAlexW2051484569

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.