ArticleNature protocols2014
Using Fourier transform IR spectroscopy to analyze biological materials.
Article in Nature protocols, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 614 papers.
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Who cites it
614 citing papers in PubMed.
- Rapid identification of feline sporotrichosis by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with machine learning.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- 3D multi-omics tumour atlases: from technology to biology and clinical translation.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Standardization and evaluation of artificial intelligence-driven Fourier-transform infrared bio-typing for the discrimination of Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. on genus, species and serogroup level.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of a Pre-Transplant Serum FTIR Rejection-Risk Score Across Time Horizons and Rejection Phenotype-Defined Endpoints in Kidney Transplantation.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- The Effective Role of FTIR in Monitoring the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Using Fe2O3@Ag@Chitosan Nanocomposite Loaded with Sorafenib as a Drug Delivery System.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Recent advances in the identification of vaginal fluid for forensic applications.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Histology-Correlated FTIR Chemical Imaging of Fungal Infection-Associated Tissue Compartments in Human Skin: A Proof-of-Concept Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Antinociceptive Effects of Free and β-Cyclodextrin-Associated α-Phellandrene in CFA-Induced Inflammatory Pain.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Layer by Layer Engineered Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Therapeutic Delivery and Next-Generation Design.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Autoencoder-Based Detection of Nanoplastics in Biological Matrices via Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging.ACS measurement science au · 2026Article
- Discrimination of plant-based milk alternatives: a pilot study comparing mid and near-infrared spectroscopy.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Vibrational spectroscopic characterisation of fluorescent-protein-tagged and wild-type bacteria in surface-associated microdroplets.Faraday discussions · 2026Article
- Revealing the biomolecular response of glioma cells to helium, carbon and oxygen minibeam radiation therapy using synchrotron-based infrared microspectroscopy.The Analyst · 2026Article
- FTIR-ATR monitoring of growth-phase-dependent spectral responses ofRSC advances · 2026Article
- Semiartificial COChemical reviews · 2026Review
- Breed classification of Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) and Thai native chickens using synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and genotyping by sequencing.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Glycan Fingerprint of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Preanalytical Workflow Establishment for Reproducible Clinical Blood-Based Infrared Molecular Fingerprinting.Analytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Estimating Post-Feeding Developmental Time ofInsects · 2026Article
554 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
Abstract
IR spectroscopy is an excellent method for biological analyses. It enables the nonperturbative, label-free extraction of biochemical information and images toward diagnosis and the assessment of cell functionality. Although not strictly microscopy in the conventional sense, it allows the construction of images of tissue or cell architecture by the passing of spectral data through a variety of computational algorithms. Because such images are constructed from fingerprint spectra, the notion is that they can be an objective reflection of the underlying health status of the analyzed sample. One of the major difficulties in the field has been determining a consensus on spectral pre-processing and data analysis. This manuscript brings together as coauthors some of the leaders in this field to allow the standardization of methods and procedures for adapting a multistage approach to a methodology that can be applied to a variety of cell biological questions or used within a clinical setting for disease screening or diagnosis. We describe a protocol for collecting IR spectra and images from biological samples (e.g., fixed cytology and tissue sections, live cells or biofluids) that assesses the instrumental options available, appropriate sample preparation, different sampling modes as well as important advances in spectral data acquisition. After acquisition, data processing consists of a sequence of steps including quality control, spectral pre-processing, feature extraction and classification of the supervised or unsupervised type. A typical experiment can be completed and analyzed within hours. Example results are presented on the use of IR spectra combined with multivariate data processing.
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