Trial reportJournal of hypertension2014
The effect of hormone therapy on mean blood pressure and visit-to-visit blood pressure variability in postmenopausal women: results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trials.
Trial report in Journal of hypertension, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of combined 17β-estradiol and progesterone on weight and blood pressure in postmenopausal women of the REPLENISH trial.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Trial
- Effects of oral conjugated equine estrogens with or without medroxyprogesterone acetate on incident hypertension in the Women's Health Initiative hormone therapy trials.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2018Trial
- Estrogen alone and health outcomes in black women by African ancestry: a secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2017Trial
- Effects of Calcium, Vitamin D, and Hormone Therapy on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the Women's Health Initiative: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2017Trial
- Sex Hormone Supplementation and Cardiovascular Disease Risk.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Blood Pressure Variability and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Hypertensive Patients After Complete Liberalization of Epidemic Control in China.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2025Article
- Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiovascular Health in Postmenopausal Women.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Accuracy of self-reported treated hypertension in the women's health initiative: Comparisons with medication inventories.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2024Observational
- Hormone Replacement Therapy and Psoriasis Risk: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.Journal of Korean medical science · 2023Article
- Association of blood pressure variability with Endothelin-1 by menopause status among Black women: findings from the Jackson Heart Study.Journal of human hypertension · 2023Article
- Review
- The Association Between Route of Post-menopausal Estrogen Administration and Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness in Community-Dwelling Women.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Menopausal hormone therapy in women with medical conditions.Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism · 2021Review
- Effects of menopausal hormone therapy on ambulatory blood pressure and arterial stiffness in postmenopausal Korean women with grade 1 hypertension: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Clinical hypertension · 2021Article
- Baseline characteristics predicting clinical outcomes and serious adverse events in middle-aged hypertensive women: a subanalysis of the SPRINT in women aged <65 yearsTurkish journal of medical sciences · 2020Article
- Gender Differences in Antihypertensive Treatment: Myths or Legends?High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2016Review
- Oral oestrogen reverses ovariectomy-induced morning surge hypertension in growth-restricted mice.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 10 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesMean and visit-to-visit variability (VVV) of blood pressure (BP) are associated with an increased cardiovascular disease risk. We examined the effect of hormone therapy on mean and VVV of BP in postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) randomized controlled trials.
methodsBP was measured at baseline and annually in the two WHI hormone therapy trials, in which 10 739 and 16 608 postmenopausal women were randomized to conjugated equine estrogens (CEEs, 0.625 mg/day) or placebo, and CEEs and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA, 2.5 mg/day) or placebo, respectively.
resultsAt the first annual visit (year 1), mean SBP was 1.04 mmHg [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58, 1.50] and 1.35 mmHg (95% CI 0.99, 1.72) higher in the CEEs and CEEs and MPA arms, respectively, compared with the corresponding placebos. These effects remained stable after year 1. CEEs also increased the VVV of SBP (ratio of VVV in CEEs vs. placebo, 1.03; P < 0.001), whereas CEEs and MPA did not (ratio of VVV in CEEs and MPA vs. placebo, 1.01; P = 0.20). After accounting for study drug adherence, the effects of CEEs and CEEs and MPA on mean SBP increased at year 1, and the differences in the CEEs and CEEs and MPA arms vs. placebos also continued to increase after year 1. Further, both CEEs and CEEs and MPA significantly increased the VVV of SBP (ratio of VVV in CEEs vs. placebo, 1.04; P < 0.001; ratio of VVV in CEEs and MPA vs. placebo, 1.05; P < 0.001).
conclusionAmong postmenopausal women, CEEs and CEEs and MPA at conventional doses increased mean and VVV of SBP.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.