ReviewBioMed research international2014
Pharmacology of hallucinations: several mechanisms for one single symptom?
Review in BioMed research international, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Efficacy of adjunctive D-Cycloserine for the treatment of schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2021Pooled it
- EASE LID 2: A 2-Year Open-Label Trial of Gocovri (Amantadine) Extended Release for Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2020Trial
- A Framework for Advancing Mechanistic Neurobehavioral Biomarkers in Psychiatry.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- Virtual Compound Screening for Discovery of Dopamine D1 Receptor Biased Allosteric Modulators.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2025Article
- The Role of Calcium-Independent Phospholipase ACells · 2025Review
- Dream Experiences During Intensive Care Unit Stay: Occurrence, Content, Vividness and Associated Factors.Nursing in critical care · 2025Article
- Synergistic behavioral and neuroplastic effects of psilocybin-NMDAR modulator administration.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Epigenetic Control in Schizophrenia.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2025Review
- From chaos to kaleidoscope: Exploring factors in psychedelic self-treatment for mental health conditions.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Natural Language Processing and Schizophrenia: A Scoping Review of Uses and Challenges.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Psychotic Symptoms in Patients With Major Neurological Diseases.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Review
- Synergistic psychedelic - NMDAR modulator treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- Giftedness and atypical sexual differentiation: enhanced perceptual functioning through estrogen deficiency instead of androgen excess.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Ketamine and serotonergic psychedelics: An update on the mechanisms and biosignatures underlying rapid-acting antidepressant treatment.Neuropharmacology · 2023Review
- Effects of Cannabidiol on Innate Immunity: Experimental Evidence and Clinical Relevance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- μ-opioid receptor agonists and psychedelics: pharmacological opportunities and challenges.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- 5-HT2A receptor dysregulation in a schizophrenia relevant mouse model of NMDA receptor hypofunction.Translational psychiatry · 2022Article
- Dementia-related psychosis and the potential role for pimavanserin.CNS spectrums · 2022Review
- The Phenomenology and Neurobiology of Visual Distortions and Hallucinations in Schizophrenia: An Update.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hallucinations are complex misperceptions, that principally occur in schizophrenia or after intoxication induced by three main classes of drugs: psychostimulants, psychedelics, and dissociative anesthetics. There are at least three different pharmacological ways to induce hallucinations: (1) activation of dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) with psychostimulants, (2) activation of serotonin 5HT2A receptors (HT2ARs) with psychedelics, and (3) blockage of glutamate NMDA receptors (NMDARs) with dissociative anesthetics. In schizophrenia, the relative importance of NMDAR and D2R in the occurrence of hallucinations is still debated. Slight clinical differences are observed for each etiology. Thus, we investigated whether the concept of hallucination is homogenous, both clinically and neurobiologically. A narrative review of the literature is proposed to synthesize how the main contributors in the field have approached and tried to solve these outstanding questions. While some authors prefer one explanatory mechanism, others have proposed more integrated theories based on the different pharmacological psychosis models. In this review, such theories are discussed and faced with the clinical data. In addition, the nosological aspects of hallucinations and psychosis are addressed. We suggest that if there may be common neurobiological pathways between the different pharmacological systems that are responsible for the hallucinations, there may also be unique properties of each system, which explains the clinical differences observed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.