ReviewScientifica2014
Clostridium difficile Infection: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Risk Factors, and Therapeutic Options.
Review in Scientifica, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Prevalence of Clostridium difficile infection among solid organ transplant recipients: a meta-analysis of published studies.PloS one · 2015Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of metronidazole and vancomycin for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection, stratified by disease severity.The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious DiseasesPooled it
- Effectiveness of Bio-K+ for the prevention ofInfection control and hospital epidemiology · 2024Trial
- Emerging therapies and diagnostic innovations for multidrug-resistant infections in kidney allograft recipients: Challenges and future directions.World journal of nephrology · 2026Review
- Molecular characterization ofVeterinary and animal science · 2026Article
- Proinflammatory pathways contribute to the pathogenesis of Clostridioides difficile infection in a murine model using Spatial transcriptomics.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Longitudinal Gut Microbiome Changes Associated with Transitions fromMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Comparison ofJournal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Risk factors and outcomes of Clostridioides difficile infection in patients with colorectal cancer: critical perspective in management.Gut pathogens · 2025Review
- Multi-epitope vaccine design againstBioinformation · 2025Article
- Article
- Gut Microbiota and New Microbiome-Targeted Drugs forAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Therapeutics involved in managing initial and recurrentWorld journal of gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics · 2024Review
- Current and Ongoing Developments in TargetingMicroorganisms · 2024Review
- "Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Recent advances in fecal microbiota transplantation forFrontiers in microbiomes · 2024Review
- Article
- Antibiotics and antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a real-world disproportionality study of the FDA adverse event reporting system from 2004 to 2022.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The incidence and mortality rate of Clostridium difficile infection have increased remarkably in both hospital and community settings during the last two decades. The growth of infection may be caused by multiple factors including inappropriate antibiotic usage, poor standards of environmental cleanliness, changes in infection control practices, large outbreaks of C. difficile infection in hospitals, alteration of circulating strains of C. difficile, and spread of hypervirulent strains. Detection of high-risk populations could be helpful for prompt diagnosis and consequent treatment of patients suffering from C. difficile infection. Metronidazole and oral vancomycin are recommended antibiotics for the treatment of initial infection. Current treatments for C. difficile infection consist of supportive care, discontinuing the unnecessary antibiotic, and specific antimicrobial therapy. Moreover, novel approaches include fidaxomicin therapy, monoclonal antibodies, and fecal microbiota transplantation mediated therapy. Fecal microbiota transplantation has shown relevant efficacy to overcome C. difficile infection and reduce its recurrence.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.