ReviewGenes & development2014
A double-edged sword: R loops as threats to genome integrity and powerful regulators of gene expression.
Review in Genes & development, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 350 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
350 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Synthetic lethal mutants inJournal of bacteriology · 2023Pooled it
- DDX17 is required for efficient DSB repair at DNA:RNA hybrid deficient loci.Nucleic acids research · 2022Pooled it
- RNASEH2B loss and PARP inhibition in advanced prostate cancer.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Trial
- Mechanisms and disease relevance of DNA break repair pathway choice.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026Review
- R-loops in colorectal cancer: mechanisms, mapping strategies, and therapeutic opportunities.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Nonsense-Mediated RNA Decay Is a Targetable Vulnerability in Splicing Factor Mutant Myeloid Neoplasms by Enhancing R-Loop Accumulation and DNA Damage.Cancer research · 2026Article
- CDIN1-Codanin-1 complex defective in congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia type I is an RNA nuclease.Nature communications · 2026Article
- R-PLA enables enhanced detection of R-loops in mammalian cells using proximity ligation.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- RNA-binding proteins TDP-43 and FUS promote R-loop resolution and regulate transcription termination.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- DNA topological regulation by topoisomerase IIβ-DNA-PK interaction is important for controlled hypoxia-inducible gene expression.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Resolution of R-loops and transcription-replication conflicts by SETX-BRCA1-BARD1 complex.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2026Article
- R-loops orchestrate RNAPII transcriptional reprogramming for the maternal-to-zygotic transition.Cell research · 2026Article
- Structure-to-function relationships of RNA polymerases: recent advances in bacterial transcription termination.Transcription · 2026Review
- ADAR1 RNA-Editing Enzyme Regulates Telomeric R-Loop Formation.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- The METTL3-YTHDC1 axis mediates architectural RNA mMolecular cancer · 2025Article
- Biochemical Characterization of R-Loop Degradation by Chloroplast-Localized RNase H1 fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Targeting MAT2A synergistically induces DNA damage in osteosarcoma cells through EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 modification.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2025Article
- Genome-wide in vivo and ex vivo mapping of R-loops using engineered N-terminal hybrid-binding domain of RNase H3 (enDR3).Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Cyclin dependent kinase 9 inhibitor induces transcription-replication conflicts and DNA damage accumulation in breast cancer.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
- Trichothiodystrophy-causative pathogenic variants impair a cooperative action of TFIIH and DDX1 in R-loop processing.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
290 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
R loops are three-stranded nucleic acid structures that comprise nascent RNA hybridized with the DNA template, leaving the nontemplate DNA single-stranded. R loops form naturally during transcription even though their persistent formation can be a risky outcome with deleterious effects on genome integrity. On the other hand, over the last few years, an increasingly strong case has been built for R loops as potential regulators of gene expression. Therefore, understanding their function and regulation under these opposite situations is essential to fully characterize the mechanisms that control genome integrity and gene expression. Here we review recent findings about these interesting structures that highlight their opposite roles in cellular fitness.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.