Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24990306›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of methods in psychiatric research2014

Psychometric functioning, socio-demographic variability of childhood maltreatment in the general population and its effects of depression.

Andrea Schulz, Carsten Oliver Schmidt, Katja Appel, Jessie Mahler, Carsten Spitzer, Katja Wingenfeld, Sven Barnow, Martin Driessen, Harald J Freyberger, Henry Völzke and 1 more

Abstract read
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Article in International journal of methods in psychiatric research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Long-term alteration of heart rate variability following childhood maltreatment: Results of a general population study.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025
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  9. Validation and Adaptation of the Slovak Version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
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  11. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Andrea SchulzDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Carsten Oliver Schmidt
Katja Appel
Jessie Mahler
Carsten Spitzer
Katja Wingenfeld
Sven Barnow
Martin Driessen
Harald J Freyberger
Henry Völzke
Hans J Grabe

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Maltreatment of children is a major public-health and social-welfare problem but socio-demographic variability has received little attention. This work addresses such variability in a general population cohort and associations with depression. Analyses were based on the cross-sectional SHIP-LEGEND examination among 2265 adults (29-89 years). Childhood maltreatment was multi-dimensionally assessed with the German 28-item Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ): emotional neglect; emotional abuse; physical neglect; physical abuse; sexual abuse. Non-linear associations between CTQ responses and age were assessed with fractional polynomials and cubic splines. Scale properties were analysed with confirmatory factor analyses and item response models. Associations between childhood maltreatment domains and depression [Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II)] were assessed. The majority (58.9%) reported events indicative of at least mild levels of childhood maltreatment. CTQ subscales showed characteristically different non-linear associations to age across the five studied domains, indicating methodological issues like recall bias and the influence of seminal events. Psychometric scale properties were acceptable to good for all subscales except for physical neglect. Associations to depression measures varied systematically across socio-demographic strata. We conclude that socio-demographic variability is a major issue when studying self-reported childhood maltreatment in a community sample. This needs to be taken into account for the study of associations to psychiatric key outcomes.

Indexed as

DemographyPsychometricsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAge FactorsChildChild AbuseCommunity Health PlanningDepressionFactor Analysis, StatisticalFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalencechildhood maltreatmentChildhood Trauma Questionnairedepressionpsychometrysocio-demographic variability

Identifiers

PMID24990306
PMCPMC6878331

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.