ArticleBMC medicine2014
Adaptation and validation of the Treatment Burden Questionnaire (TBQ) in English using an internet platform.
Article in BMC medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 152 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Patient Priority Care for Older Adults With Multiple Chronic Conditions Achieved Through Primary and Specialty Care Alignment
Development and Evaluation of a Multidisciplinary Team Delivered Deprescribing Intervention for Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease in Qatar: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
152 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 256 citations in OpenAlex.
- Statins for adults with a first episode of venous thromboembolic disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Measuring treatment burden in people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): a mixed-methods systematic review.BMC primary care · 2024Pooled it
- The impact of relaxing restrictions on take-home doses during the COVID-19 pandemic on program effectiveness and client experiences in opioid agonist treatment: a mixed methods systematic review.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2023Pooled it
- Ageing with HIV: Medicine Optimisation Challenges and Support Needs for Older People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review.Drugs & aging · 2023Pooled it
- A mixed-methods systematic review of nurse-led interventions for people with multimorbidity.Journal of advanced nursing · 2022Pooled it
- The experience of financial burden for people with multimorbidity: A systematic review of qualitative research.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2021Pooled it
- Decreasing patient-reported burden of treatment: A systematic review of quantitative interventional studies.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Measurement Properties of Existing Patient-Reported Outcome Measures on Medication Adherence: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A systematic literature review of the assessment of treatment burden experienced by patients and their caregivers.BMC geriatrics · 2019Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Patient-experienced burden of treatment in patients with multimorbidity - A systematic review of qualitative data.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Medication-related burden and patients' lived experience with medicine: a systematic review and metasynthesis of qualitative studies.BMJ open · 2016Pooled it
- Trial
- Treatment satisfaction and patient reported outcomes among people with opioid use disorder participating in an open-label, non-randomised trial of long-acting injectable buprenorphine treatment in Australian custodial settings.Drug and alcohol review · 2025Trial
- Care for patients living with chronic conditions using the ICAN Discussion Aid: A mixed methods cluster-randomized trial.PloS one · 2024Trial
- Comparing Pharmacist-Led Telehealth Care and Clinic-Based Care for Uncontrolled High Blood Pressure: The Hyperlink 3 Pragmatic Cluster-Randomized Trial.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2022Trial
- Patient-Reported Outcomes of Treatment of Opioid Dependence With Weekly and Monthly Subcutaneous Depot vs Daily Sublingual Buprenorphine: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Trial
92 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTreatment burden refers to the workload imposed by healthcare on patients, and the effect this has on quality of life. The Treatment Burden Questionnaire (TBQ) aims to assess treatment burden in different condition and treatment contexts. Here, we aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of an English version of the TBQ, a scale that was originally developed in French.
methodsThe TBQ was translated into English by a forward-backward translation method. Wording and possible missing items were assessed during a pretest involving 200 patients with chronic conditions. Measurement properties of the instrument were assessed online with a patient network, using the PatientsLikeMe website. Dimensional structure of the questionnaire was assessed by factor analysis. Construct validity was assessed by associating TBQ global score wıth clinical variables, adherence to medication assessed by Morisky's Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), quality of life (QOL) assessed by the PatientsLikeMe Quality of Life Scale (PLMQOL), and patients' confidence in their knowledge of their conditions and treatments. Reliability was determined by a test-retest method.
resultsIn total, 610 patients with chronic conditions, mainly from the USA, UK, Canada, Australia, or New Zealand, completed the TBQ between September and October 2013. The English TBQ showed a unidimensional structure with Cronbach α of 0.90. The TBQ global score was negatively correlated with the PLMQOL score (rs = -0.50; p < 0.0001). Low rather than moderate or high adherence to medication was associated with high TBQ score (mean [SD] TBQ score 61.8 [30.5] vs. 37.7 [27.5]; P < 0.0001). The treatment burden was higher for patients who had insufficient knowledge compared with those who had sufficient knowledge about their treatments (mean ± SD TBQ score 62.3 ± 31.3 vs. 47.8 ± 30.4; P < 0.0001) and conditions (63.0 ± 31.6 vs. 49.3 ± 30.7; P < 0.0001). The intraclass correlation coefficient for the retest (n = 282) was 0.77 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.82).
conclusionsWe found that the English TBQ is a reliable instrument in this population, and provide evidence supporting the construct validity for its use to assess treatment burden for patients with one or more chronic conditions in English-speaking countries.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.