Observational studyBMC pediatrics2014
Infants fed formula with added long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids have reduced incidence of respiratory illnesses and diarrhea during the first year of life.
Observational study in BMC pediatrics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infants born at term.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Cow's milk-based beverage consumption in 1- to 4-year-olds and allergic manifestations: an RCT.Nutrition journal · 2016Trial
- Marine n-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake in Pregnancy and Risk of Early Life Infections in 3 Nordic Cohorts: A HEDIMED Consortium Study.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Observational
- Nutrition as a Modifiable Factor in Optimizing Respiratory Health: Evidence from Pulmonary Function Tests.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Docosahexaenoic Acid Consumption Early in Life Improves Immune Dysfunction in High-Fat Diet-Fed Wistar Rats in a Sex-Specific Manner.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Article
- High body mass index with the risk of allergic conjunctivitis in children: a case-control study in Southwest China.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Characteristics of infant formula consumed in the first months of life and allergy in the EDEN mother-child cohort.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Article
- Effect of Holder Pasteurization, Mode of Delivery, and Infant's Gender on Fatty Acid Composition of Donor Breast Milk.Nutrients · 2024Article
- The Effect of Dietary Protein Hydrolysate from Black Soldier Fly Larvae and Schizochytrium on Palatability, Nutrient Metabolites and Health Status in Beagle Dogs.Metabolites · 2024Article
- A comprehensive review on infant formula: nutritional and functional constituents, recent trends in processing and its impact on infants' gut microbiota.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Status at Birth and Development of Childhood Allergy: A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Early Oral Nutritional Supplements in the Prevention of Wheezing, Asthma, and Respiratory Infections.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Review
- Combined microbiome and metabolome analysis of gut microbiota and metabolite interactions in chronic spontaneous urticaria.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- S3 guideline Allergy Prevention.Allergologie select · 2022Article
- Breast Milk: A Source of Functional Compounds with Potential Application in Nutrition and Therapy.Nutrients · 2021Review
- In the Age of Viral Pandemic, Can Ingredients Inspired by Human Milk and Infant Nutrition Be Repurposed to Support the Immune System?Nutrients · 2021Review
- Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (LCPUFAs) and the Developing Immune System: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Bioactive Compounds in Infant Formula and Their Effects on Infant Nutrition and Health: A Systematic Literature Review.International journal of food science · 2021Review
- Resources Lack as Food Environments Become More Rural: Development and Implementation of an Infant Feeding Resource Tool (InFeed).Journal of hunger & environmental nutrition · 2020Article
- International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids 2018 Symposium: Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acids in Infant Development.Annals of nutrition & metabolism · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLong chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) may influence the immune system. Our objective was to compare the frequency of common illnesses in infants who received formula with or without added LCPUFAs.
methodsIn this observational, multi-center, prospective study, infants consumed formula with 17 mg DHA and 34 mg ARA/100 kcal (n = 233) or with no added DHA or ARA (n = 92). Pediatricians recorded respiratory illnesses, otitis media, eczema, and diarrhea through 1 year of age.
resultsInfants who consumed formula with DHA/ARA had lower incidence of bronchitis/bronchiolitis (P = 0.004), croup (P = 0.044), nasal congestion (P = 0.001), cough (P = 0.014), and diarrhea requiring medical attention (P = 0.034). The odds ratio (OR) of having at least one episode of bronchitis/bronchiolitis (0.41, 95% CI 0.24, 0.70; P = 0.001), croup (0.23, 95% CI 0.05, 0.97; P = 0.045), nasal congestion (0.37, 95% CI 0.20, 0.66; P = 0.001), cough (0.52, 95% CI 0.32, 0.86; P = 0.011), and diarrhea requiring medical attention (0.51, 95% CI 0.28, 0.92; P = 0.026) was lower in infants fed DHA/ARA. The OR of an increased number of episodes of bronchitis/bronchiolitis, croup, nasal congestion, cough, and diarrhea, as well as the hazard ratio for shorter time to first episode of bronchitis/bronchiolitis, nasal congestion, cough, and diarrhea were also significantly lower in the DHA/ARA group.
conclusionsIn healthy infants, formula with DHA/ARA was associated with lower incidence of common respiratory symptoms and illnesses, as well as diarrhea.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.