ArticlePloS one2014
HIV drug resistance early warning indicators in namibia with updated World Health Organization guidance.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- "We Are Now Free to Speak": Qualitative Evaluation of an Education and Empowerment Training for HIV Patients in Namibia.PloS one · 2016Trial
- Exploring survival rates in HIV-infected Ethiopian children receiving HAART: a retrospective cohort study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance Situation in Indonesia: A Challenge of Multisector and Global Coordination.Journal of tropical medicine · 2022Article
- Programme quality indicators of HIV drug resistance among adolescents in urban versus rural settings of the centre region of Cameroon.AIDS research and therapy · 2020Article
- [National profile of early warning indicators of HIV pharmaco-resistance in Cameroon].The Pan African medical journal · 2020Article
- Antiretroviral therapy related adverse effects: Can sub-Saharan Africa cope with the new "test and treat" policy of the World Health Organization?Infectious diseases of poverty · 2017Article
- Challenges in initiating antiretroviral therapy for all HIV-infected people regardless of CD4 cell count.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2016Article
- Results from implementing updated 2012 World Health Organization Guidance on early-warning indicators of HIV drug resistance in Zimbabwe.Journal of epidemiological research · 2016Article
- Article
- Population-based surveillance of HIV drug resistance emerging on treatment and associated factors at sentinel antiretroviral therapy sites in Namibia.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2015Article
- Article
- HIV and/or AIDS-related deaths and modifiable risk factors: A descriptive study of medical admissions at Oshakati Intermediate Hospital in Northern Namibia.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2015Article
- Article
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10 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundIn response to concerns about the emergence of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR), the World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a comprehensive set of early warning indicators (EWIs) to monitor HIV drug resistance and good programme practice at antiretroviral therapy (ART) sites.
methodsIn 2012, Namibia utilized the updated WHO EWI guidance and abstracted data from adult and pediatric patients from 50 ART sites for the following EWIs: 1. On-time Pill Pick-up, 2. Retention in Care, 3. Pharmacy Stock-outs, 4. Dispensing Practices, and 5. Virological Suppression.
resultsData for EWIs one through four were abstracted and validated. EWI 5--Virological Suppression was not included due to poor data entry at many sites. On-time Pill Pick-up national estimate was 87.9% (87.2-88.7) of patients picking up pills on time for adults and 90.0% (88.9-90.9) picking up pills on time for pediatrics. Retention in Care national estimate was 82% of patients retained on ART after 12 months for adults and 83% for pediatrics. Pharmacy Stock-outs national estimate was 99% of months without a stock-out for adults and 97% for pediatrics. Dispensing Practices national estimate was 0.01% (0.003-0.064) of patients dispensed mono- or dual-therapy for adults and 0.25% (0.092-0.653) for pediatrics.
conclusionsThe successful 2012 EWI exercise provides Namibia a solid evidence base, which can be used to make national statements about programmatic functioning and possible HIVDR. This evidence base will serve to contextualize results from Namibia's surveys of HIVDR, which involves genotype testing. EWI abstraction has prompted the national program and its counterparts to engage sites in dialogue regarding the need to strengthen adherence and retention of patients on ART. The EWI collection process and EWI results will serve to optimize patient care and support Namibia in making evidence-based recommendations and take action to minimize the emergence of preventable HIVDR.
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