Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24988255›Full record

ArticleJournal of studies on alcohol and drugs2014

Substance-induced depression and independent depression in proximal risk for suicidal behavior.

Kenneth R Conner, Stephanie A Gamble, Courtney L Bagge, Hua He, Marc T Swogger, Arthur Watts, Rebecca J Houston

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  9. Evaluation of the risk relationship between average alcohol volume consumed and suicide in the USA: an analysis of mortality linked cohort data.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2025
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  20. Alcohol Use Disorder and Depressive Disorders.Alcohol research : current reviews · 2019
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Kenneth R ConnerUniversity of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, Veterans Affairs VISN2 Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention, Canandaigua Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Canandaigua, New York.
Stephanie A GambleUniversity of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.
Courtney L BaggeUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.
Hua HeUniversity of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.
Marc T SwoggerUniversity of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.
Arthur WattsUniversity of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.
Rebecca J HoustonResearch Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York.

Funding

Attempted Suicide and Alcohol DependenceR01AA016149 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI CONNER, KENNETH R · 2006 to 2009
$1.2M
Behavioral treatment for alcohol dependent women with co-occurring depressionK23AA017246 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI GAMBLE, STEPHANIE A · 2008 to 2012
$690k
NIAAA NIH HHS K23 AA017246NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA016149
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveMajor depressive episodes may be substance induced or occur independent of substance use. Studies of the roles of substance-induced depression (SID) and independent depression (IND) in suicidal behavior are limited to retrospective reports. The purpose of this study was to examine proximal (i.e., acute) risk for suicide attempts associated with SID and IND.

methodIndividuals who had attempted suicide (n = 100) and nonsuicidal controls (n = 100) matched for site were recruited from residential substance use treatment programs. Participants were ages 18 and older and screened positive for potential alcohol use disorder. Validated semistructured interviews were used to assess SID, IND, and suicide attempts. Analyses of individual-level risk for attempts were based on multivariate logistic regression that adjusted for risk factors. Population-level attributable risk (PAR) fractions for suicide attempts were also calculated to provide estimates of the percentage of attempts in the study population attributable to SID and IND, respectively.

resultsSID was identified in 60% of attempters and 35% of controls and IND in 13% of attempters and 3% of controls. Both variables conferred risk for suicide attempt (SID: odds ratio [OR] = 3.73, 95% CI [1.84, 7.58]; IND: OR = 10.38, 95% CI [2.48, 43.49]. PAR for suicide attempts associated with SID and IND was 0.44 and 0.12, respectively.

conclusionsBoth SID and IND confer proximal risk for suicide attempts after adjusting for other risk factors. SID also contributes substantial risk in this population overall. Future research should test the hypothesis that IND confers greater risk than SID at the individual level.

Indexed as

AdultAlcohol-Related DisordersDepressionFemaleHumansInterview, PsychologicalLogistic ModelsMajor Depressive DisorderMaleMiddle AgedMultivariate AnalysisRisk FactorsSubstance Abuse Treatment CentersSubstance-Related DisordersSuicide, Attempted

Identifiers

PMID24988255
PMCPMC9798469

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.