ArticleThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy2014
Clofazimine in the treatment of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis with HIV coinfection in South Africa: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- A 3-month clofazimine-rifapentine-containing regimen for drug-susceptible tuberculosis versus standard of care (Clo-Fast): a randomised, open-label, phase 2c clinical trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- A loading dose of clofazimine to rapidly achieve steady-state-like concentrations in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial disease.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2024Trial
- Clofazimine for Treatment of Extensively Drug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis in China.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Trial
- Pharmacokinetics and cardiac safety of clofazimine in children with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024Observational
- Molecular mechanisms of resistance and treatment efficacy of clofazimine and bedaquiline againstFrontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Clofazimine for the treatment of tuberculosis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Molecular design of a pathogen activated, self-assembling mechanopharmaceutical device.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2022Review
- Application of Next Generation Sequencing for Diagnosis and Clinical Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Updates on Recent Developments in the Field.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Article
- Inhaled Antibiotics for Mycobacterial Lung Disease.Pharmaceutics · 2019Review
- Identifying Regimens Containing TBI-166, a New Drug Candidate againstAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2019Article
- Pretreatment chest x-ray severity and its relation to bacterial burden in smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis.BMC medicine · 2018Article
- Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Report and Literature Review on Two Cases Requiring Prolonged Treatment.The American journal of case reports · 2016Review
- Management of multidrug-resistant TB: novel treatments and their expansion to low resource settings.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2016Review
- Emerging strategies for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: promise and limitations?The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2016Review
- The Challenge of Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection.Current pulmonology reports · 2015Article
- Map the gap: missing children with drug-resistant tuberculosis.Public health action · 2015Article
- New developments in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis: clinical utility of bedaquiline and delamanid.Infection and drug resistance · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundExtensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) and HIV coinfection is associated with low cure rates and high mortality. Clofazimine has shown activity in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but clinical experience with clofazimine in XDR-TB and HIV coinfection is limited.
methodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of adult XDR-TB patients in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, treated with either a clofazimine- or non-clofazimine-containing XDR-TB treatment regimen. The primary outcome measure was TB culture conversion at 6 months. Survival analysis and multivariate logistic regression compared time to event in different strata and identified risk factors for TB culture conversion.
resultsBetween August 2009 and July 2011, eligible XDR-TB patients (n = 85) were initiated on treatment for XDR-TB. Most patients (86%) were HIV-infected and receiving antiretroviral therapy (90%). Patients receiving a clofazimine-containing regimen (n = 50) had a higher percentage of culture conversion (40%) compared with patients (n = 35) receiving a non-clofazimine regimen (28.6%). On multivariate analysis, there was a 2-fold increase in TB culture conversion at 6 months (hazard rate ratio 2.54, 95% CI 0.99-6.52, P = 0.05) in the group receiving a clofazimine-containing regimen. Adverse effects due to clofazimine were minor and rarely life-threatening.
conclusionsClofazimine was associated with improved culture conversion in the treatment of XDR-TB/HIV. Adverse effects were minor and non-life-threatening. Based on these preliminary data, further study of clofazimine in XDR-TB/HIV treatment is warranted. Given the present low rates of culture conversion in XDR-TB treatment, we recommend empirical inclusion of clofazimine in treatment regimens for XDR-TB.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.