ArticleInternational journal of health geographics2014
Environmental predictors of West Nile fever risk in Europe.
Article in International journal of health geographics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modelling the risk of West Nile virus infection in seven European countries from published serological and case notification data, 2008 to 2022.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Pooled it
- Geographic variations of the bird-borne structural risk of West Nile virus circulation in Europe.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- One Health, multiple gaps: Comparative analysis of global policies for zoonotic surveillance.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Fine-scale heterogeneity and local amplification of West Nile virus in urban environments in Berlin.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Genomic Epidemiology of West Nile Virus in Paris.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Mapping the bird risk index for West Nile virus in Europe and its relationship with disease occurrence in humans.Epidemiology and infection · 2026Article
- [The impact of global change on infectious disease epidemiology].Atencion primaria · 2026Article
- Evaluating Associations Between Drought and West Nile Virus Epidemics: A Systematic Review.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Comprehensive analysis of West Nile Virus transmission: Environmental, ecological, and individual factors. An umbrella review.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Review
- Patterns of West Nile virus vector co-occurrence and spatial overlap with human cases across Europe.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- First detection of West Nile virus seropositivity in horses in southern Iraq.Open veterinary journal · 2025Article
- West Nile Virus (WNV): One-Health and Eco-Health Global Risks.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Short-term effect of temperature and precipitation on the incidence of West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease in Europe: a multi-country case-crossover analysis.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2025Article
- Radar versus optical: The impact of cloud cover when mapping seasonal surface water for health applications in monsoon-affected India.PloS one · 2025Article
- Warm winters are associated to more intense West Nile virus circulation in southern Spain.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Impact of climate change on the global circulation of West Nile virus and adaptation responses: a scoping review.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2024Article
- The Ongoing Epidemic of West Nile Virus in Greece: The Contribution of Biological Vectors and Reservoirs and the Importance of Climate and Socioeconomic Factors Revisited.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Review
- A systematic review of environmental factors related to WNV circulation in European and Mediterranean countries.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Review
- Climate change and human health in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East: Literature review, research priorities and policy suggestions.Environmental research · 2023Review
- Culex pipiens distribution in Tunisia: Identification of suitable areas through Random Forest and MaxEnt approaches.Veterinary medicine and science · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWest Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen of global public health importance. Transmission of WNV is determined by abiotic and biotic factors. The objective of this study was to examine environmental variables as predictors of WNV risk in Europe and neighboring countries, considering the anomalies of remotely sensed water and vegetation indices and of temperature at the locations of West Nile fever (WNF) outbreaks reported in humans between 2002 and 2013.
methodsThe status of infection by WNV in relationship to environmental and climatic risk factors was analyzed at the district level using logistic regression models. Temperature, remotely sensed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) anomalies, as well as population, birds' migratory routes, and presence of wetlands were considered as explanatory variables.
resultsThe anomalies of temperature in July, of MNDWI in early June, the presence of wetlands, the location under migratory routes, and the occurrence of a WNF outbreak the previous year were identified as risk factors. The best statistical model according to the Akaike Information Criterion was used to map WNF risk areas in 2012 and 2013. Model validations showed a good level of prediction: area under Receiver Operator Characteristic curve = 0.854 (95% Confidence Interval 0.850-0.856) for internal validation and 0.819 (95% Confidence Interval 0.814-0.823) (2012) and 0.853 (95% Confidence Interval 0.850-0.855) (2013) for external validations, respectively.
conclusionsWNF incidence is increasing in Europe and WNV is expanding into new areas where it had never been observed before. Our model can be used to direct surveillance activities and public health interventions for the upcoming WNF season.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.