ArticleMucosal immunology2015
Early initiation of combined antiretroviral therapy preserves immune function in the gut of HIV-infected patients.
Article in Mucosal immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Gut-Immune Axis in Treated HIV Infection: From Mucosal Damage to Chronic Inflammation and Therapeutic Opportunities-A Clinician-Oriented Narrative Review.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Acute HIV Infection and ART Response: Insights into T Cell Subsets, Activation, Exhaustion, and Blood and GALT HIV Reservoir.Viruses · 2025Article
- Review
- Gastrointestinal germinal center B cell depletion and reduction in IgAScience immunology · 2024Article
- Review
- Early antiretroviral therapy favors post-treatment SIV control associated with the expansion of enhanced memory CD8Nature communications · 2024Article
- New Insights into HIV Life Cycle, Th1/Th2 Shift during HIV Infection and Preferential Virus Infection of Th2 Cells: Implications of Early HIV Treatment Initiation and Care.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- HIV-1 treatment timing shapes the human intestinal memory B-cell repertoire to commensal bacteria.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Frailty and Aging in HIV- Status Post 13 Years of National Awareness.The Journal of frailty & aging · 2023Review
- Antiretroviral Initiation at ≥800 CD4+ Cells/mm3 Associated With Lower Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reservoir Size.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- NK cell spatial dynamics and IgA responses in gut-associated lymphoid tissues during SIV infections.Communications biology · 2022Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Immunological Nonresponders Have Colon-Restricted Gut Mucosal Immune Dysfunction.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Gut Innate Immunity and HIV Pathogenesis.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2021Review
- The Role of Tissue Resident Memory CD4 T Cells in Herpes Simplex Viral and HIV Infection.Viruses · 2021Review
- Persistent T Cell Repertoire Perturbation and T Cell Activation in HIV After Long Term Treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Th22 cells are efficiently recruited in the gut by CCL28 as an alternative to CCL20 but do not compensate for the loss of Th17 cells in treated HIV-1-infected individuals.Mucosal immunology · 2021Article
- Antigen Presenting Cells Contribute to Persistent Immune Activation Despite Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation During Hyperacute HIV-1 Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Gut Microbiome Homeostasis and the CD4 T- Follicular Helper Cell IgA Axis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Review
- Parallel studies of mucosal immunity in the reproductive and gastrointestinal mucosa of HIV-infected women.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Massive loss of lamina propria CD4(+) T cells, changes in the lymphatic architecture, and altered intestinal epithelial barrier leading to microbial translocation are the common features of HIV-1 infection and are not fully restored under combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). To better understand determinants of gut mucosal restoration, we have performed phenotypic and gene expression analyses of the gut from HIV-infected patients, naive or treated with cART initiated either at the early phase of the primary infection or later during the chronic phase. We found a depletion of T helper type 22 (Th22) and interleukin-17-producing cells in naive patients. These populations, except Th22 cells, were not restored under cART. Regulatory T cells/Th17 ratio was significantly increased in HIV-infected patients and was inversely correlated to the restoration of CD4(+) T cells but not to gut HIV DNA levels. Gene profile analysis of gut mucosal distinguished two groups of patients, which fitted with the timing of cART initiation. In their majority early, but not later treated patients, exhibited conserved intestinal lymphoid structure, epithelial barrier integrity and dendritic cell maturation pathways. Our data demonstrate that early initiation of cART helps to preserve and/or restore lymphoid gut mucosal homeostasis and provide a rationale for initiating cART during the acute phase of HIV infection.
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