Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24984193›Full record

ArticleTranslational psychiatry2014

Increased M1/decreased M2 signature and signs of Th1/Th2 shift in chronic patients with bipolar disorder, but not in those with schizophrenia.

P Brambilla, M Bellani, M Isola, A Bergami, V Marinelli, N Dusi, G Rambaldelli, M Tansella, A Maria Finardi, G Martino and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Translational psychiatry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Psychoneuroimmunology of Mood Disorders.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025
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  8. From the immune system to mood disorders especially induced byFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
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  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Rethinking stress resilience.Trends in neurosciences · 2021
    Review
  16. Article
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  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

P Brambilla1] DISM, Inter-University Center for Behavioural Neurosciences (ICBN), University of Udine, Udine, Italy [2] IRCCS "E. Medea" Scientific Institute, Udine, Italy.
M BellaniSection of Psychiatry and Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, ICBN, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
M IsolaDepartment of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
A BergamiDepartment of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
V MarinelliSection of Psychiatry and Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, ICBN, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
N DusiSection of Psychiatry and Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, ICBN, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
G RambaldelliSection of Psychiatry and Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, ICBN, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
M TansellaSection of Psychiatry and Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, ICBN, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
A Maria FinardiDepartment of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
G MartinoDepartment of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
C PerliniSection of Psychiatry and Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, ICBN, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
R FurlanDepartment of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
University of Verona · ITNeuroscience Institute · ITUniversity of Udine · ITSan Raffaele University of Rome · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We here present data on immune gene expression of chemokines, chemokine receptors, cytokines and regulatory T-cell (T-reg) markers in chronic patients suffering from either schizophrenia (SCZ, N=20) or bipolar disorder (BD=20) compared with healthy controls (HCs, N=20). We extracted RNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and performed real-time (RT)-PCR to measure mRNA levels of chemokines, chemokine receptors, cytokines and T-reg markers. All the analyses were Bonferroni-corrected. The classical monocyte activation (M1) markers il6, ccl3 were significantly increased in BD as compared with both HC and SCZ patients (P=0.03 and P=0.002; P=0.024 and P=0.021, respectively), whereas markers of alternative (M2) monocyte activation ccl1, ccl22 and il10 were coherently decreased (controls: P=0.01, P=0.001 and P=0.09; SCZ subjects: P=0.02, P=0.05 and P=0.011, respectively). Concerning T-cell markers, BD patients had compared with HC downregulated ccr5 (P=0.02) and upregulated il4 (P=0.04) and compared with both healthy and SCZ individuals downregulated ccl2 (P=0.006 and P=0.003) and tgfβ (P=0.004 and P=0.007, respectively). No significant associations were found between any immune gene expression and clinical variables (prior hospitalizations, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, medications' dosages and lifetime administration). Although some markers are expressed by different immune cell types, these findings suggest a coherent increased M1/decrease M2 signature in the peripheral blood of BD patients with potential Th1/Th2 shift. In contrast, all the explored immune marker levels were preserved in SCZ. Further larger studies are needed to investigate the relevance of inflammatory response in BD, trying to correlate it to psychopathology, treatment and outcome measures and, possibly, to brain connectivity.

Indexed as

AdultBiomarkersBipolar DisorderChronic DiseaseCytokinesFemaleGene ExpressionHumansMaleMiddle AgedMonocytesRNA, MessengerSchizophreniaTh1 CellsTh2 CellsBiomarkersCytokinesRNA, Messenger

Identifiers

PMID24984193
PMCPMC4119216
OpenAlexW2042777480

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.