ArticleDevelopmental and comparative immunology2014
Negative effects of low dose atrazine exposure on the development of effective immunity to FV3 in Xenopus laevis.
Article in Developmental and comparative immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Vitamin C Ameliorate Atrazine-Induced Hepatic Apoptosis in Rat via CYP450s/ROS Pathway and Immunomodulation.Biological trace element research · 2023Article
- Environmental endocrine disruptors and amphibian immunity: A bridge between the thyroid hormone axis and T cell development.Developmental and comparative immunology · 2023Article
- Histopathological, Immunohistochemical, And Molecular Alterations In Brain Tissue And Submandibular Salivary Gland Of Atrazine-Induced Toxicity In Male Rats.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Developmental exposure to chemicals associated with unconventional oil and gas extraction alters immune homeostasis and viral immunity of the amphibian Xenopus.The Science of the total environment · 2019Article
- Water Contaminants Associated With Unconventional Oil and Gas Extraction Cause Immunotoxicity to Amphibian Tadpoles.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2018Article
- Atrazine Exposure Influences Immunity in the Blue Dasher Dragonfly, Pachydiplax longipennis (Odonata: Libellulidae).Journal of insect science (Online) · 2018Article
- Distinct MHC class I-like interacting invariant T cell lineage at the forefront of mycobacterial immunity uncovered inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018Article
- Frog Skin Innate Immune Defences: Sensing and Surviving Pathogens.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Exploring the link between ultraviolet B radiation and immune function in amphibians: implications for emerging infectious diseases.Conservation physiology · 2018Review
- Xenopus-FV3 host-pathogen interactions and immune evasion.Virology · 2017Article
- Long term effects of carbaryl exposure on antiviral immune responses in Xenopus laevis.Chemosphere · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The recent dramatic increase of the prevalence and range of amphibian host species and populations infected by ranaviruses such as Frog Virus 3 (FV3) raises concerns about the efficacies of amphibian antiviral immunity. In this context, the potential negative effects of water contaminants such as the herbicide atrazine, at environmentally relevant levels, on host antiviral immunity remains unclear. Here we describe the use of the amphibian Xenopus laevis as an ecotoxicology platform to elucidate the consequences of exposure to ecologically relevant doses of atrazine on amphibian antiviral immunity. X. laevis were exposed at tadpole and adult stages as well as during metamorphosis to atrazine (range from 0.1 to 10.0 ppb) prior to infection with FV3. Quantitative analysis of gene expression revealed significant changes in the pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α and the antiviral type I IFN gene in response to FV3 infection. This was most marked in tadpoles that were exposed to atrazine at doses as low 0.1 ppb. Furthermore, atrazine exposure significantly compromised tadpole survival following FV3 infections. In contrast, acute atrazine exposure of mature adult frogs did not induce detectable effects on anti-FV3 immunity, but adults that were exposed to atrazine during metamorphosis exhibited pronounced defects in FV3-induced TNF-α gene expression responses and slight diminution in type I IFN gene induction. Thus, even at low doses, atrazine exposure culminates in impaired development of amphibian antiviral defenses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.