ArticlePloS one2014
Efficacy of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) as an anesthetic agent for blocking sensory-motor responses in Xenopus laevis tadpoles.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Olfactory response of brown-marbled grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) juveniles to amino acids as determined through electro-olfactogram.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2026Article
- Early development of the glucocorticoid stress response in dyeing poison frog tadpoles.General and comparative endocrinology · 2025Article
- Basal Xenobot transcriptomics reveals changes and novel control modality in cells freed from organismal influence.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Influence of semicircular canal morphology on the VOR and swimming activity in larval amphibians: a comparative study inFrontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Eugenol and MS-222 as Anesthetics in Zebrafish in Repeated Exposures and Post-Anesthesia Behaviour.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Neurotransmitter norepinephrine regulates chromatosomes aggregation and the formation of blotches in coral trout Plectropomus leopardus.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2024Article
- Chemical cues of conspecific predation elicit distinct behavioural responses in cannibalistic poison frog tadpoles.Animal behaviour · 2024Article
- Functional neuronal circuits emerge in the absence of developmental activity.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Article
- Assessment of the effect of tricaine (MS-222)-induced anesthesia on brain-wide neuronal activity of zebrafish (Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- The Use of Tricaine Methanesulfonate (MS-222) in Asian Seabass (Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
- The effect of urethane and MS-222 anesthesia on the electric organ discharge of the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus.Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2023Article
- Exploring water-borne corticosterone collection as a non-invasive tool in amphibian conservation physiology: benefits, limitations and future perspectives.Conservation physiology · 2023Article
- One of these things is not like the other: Mixed predator cues result in lopsided phenotypic responses in a Neotropical tadpole.PloS one · 2023Article
- Short-term responses of Rana arvalis tadpoles to pH and predator stress: adaptive divergence in behavioural and physiological plasticity?Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology · 2022Article
- Context dependent variation in corticosterone and phenotypic divergence of Rana arvalis populations along an acidification gradient.BMC ecology and evolution · 2022Article
- Low Gain Values of the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Can Optimize Retinal Image Slip.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Efficacy of Tricaine (MS-222) and Hypothermia as Anesthetic Agents for Blocking Sensorimotor Responses in Larval Zebrafish.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Image motion with color contrast suffices to elicit an optokinetic reflex in Xenopus laevis tadpoles.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Divergent Expression ofFrontiers in genetics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Anesthetics are drugs that reversibly relieve pain, decrease body movements and suppress neuronal activity. Most drugs only cover one of these effects; for instance, analgesics relieve pain but fail to block primary fiber responses to noxious stimuli. Alternately, paralytic drugs block synaptic transmission at neuromuscular junctions, thereby effectively paralyzing skeletal muscles. Thus, both analgesics and paralytics each accomplish one effect, but fail to singularly account for all three. Tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) is structurally similar to benzocaine, a typical anesthetic for anamniote vertebrates, but contains a sulfate moiety rendering this drug more hydrophilic. MS-222 is used as anesthetic in poikilothermic animals such as fish and amphibians. However, it is often argued that MS-222 is only a hypnotic drug and its ability to block neural activity has been questioned. This prompted us to evaluate the potency and dynamics of MS-222-induced effects on neuronal firing of sensory and motor nerves alongside a defined motor behavior in semi-intact in vitro preparations of Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Electrophysiological recordings of extraocular motor discharge and both spontaneous and evoked mechanosensory nerve activity were measured before, during and after administration of MS-222, then compared to benzocaine and a known paralytic, pancuronium. Both MS-222 and benzocaine, but not pancuronium caused a dose-dependent, reversible blockade of extraocular motor and sensory nerve activity. These results indicate that MS-222 as benzocaine blocks the activity of both sensory and motor nerves compatible with the mechanistic action of effective anesthetics, indicating that both caine-derivates are effective as single-drug anesthetics for surgical interventions in anamniotes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.