ReviewFrontiers in immunology2014
Immunotherapy and Immunochemotherapy in Visceral Leishmaniasis: Promising Treatments for this Neglected Disease.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Leishmaniasis: pathogenesis, host immunity, and the evolving landscape of immunotherapy and immunochemotherapy.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Revisiting visceral leishmaniasis in immunocompromised patients: Ongoing gaps and advances in diagnostics, therapies, and preventive measures.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026Review
- Immunotherapeutics Combining a Recombinant Chimeric Protein, Monophosphoryl Lipid A, and Miltefosine Against Visceral Leishmaniasis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Global Distribution of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis and the Role of the Dog in the Epidemiology of the Disease.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Gold(I) and Silver(I) Complexes Containing Hybrid Sulfonamide/Thiourea Ligands as Potential Leishmanicidal Agents.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Transmission-Blocking Vaccines for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis: New Progress and Yet New Challenges.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Total serumiScience · 2023Article
- Next-Generation Leishmanization: Revisiting Molecular Targets for Selecting Genetically Engineered Live-AttenuatedMicroorganisms · 2023Review
- Field-Deployable Treatments For Leishmaniasis: Intrinsic Challenges, Recent Developments and Next Steps.Research and reports in tropical medicine · 2023Review
- Immunotherapy and immunochemotherapy in combating visceral leishmaniasis.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- The paradigm of intracellular parasite survival and drug resistance in leishmanial parasite through genome plasticity and epigenetics: Perception and future perspective.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Nanoassemblies from Amphiphilic Sb Complexes Target Infection Sites in Models of Visceral and Cutaneous Leishmaniases.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Effect of domperidone (leisguard®) on antibody titers, inflammatory markers and creatinine in dogs with leishmaniosis and chronic kidney disease.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
- Biflavones fromPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Miltefosine enhances infectivity of a miltefosine-resistant Leishmania infantum strain by attenuating its innate immune recognition.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- The Role of Porphyrinoid Photosensitizers for Skin Wound Healing.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Mechanisms of Immunopathogenesis in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis And Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL).Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Modulation of Host Immune Response duringFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- A Chimera of Th1 Stimulatory Proteins ofBioMed research international · 2021Article
- Phase I and II Clinical Trial Comparing the LBSap, LeishmuneVaccines · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
leishmaniasis has several clinical formsself-healing or chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis or post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis; mucosal leishmaniasis; visceral leishmaniasis (VL), which is fatal if left untreated. The epidemiology and clinical features of VL vary greatly due to the interaction of multiple factors including parasite strains, vectors, host genetics, and the environment. Human immunodeficiency virus infection augments the severity of VL increasing the risk of developing active disease by 100-2320 times. An effective vaccine for humans is not yet available. Resistance to chemotherapy is a growing problem in many regions, and the costs associated with drug identification and development, make commercial production for leishmaniasis, unattractive. The toxicity of currently drugs, their long treatment course, and limited efficacy are significant concerns. For cutaneous disease, many studies have shown promising results with immunotherapy/immunochemotherapy, aimed to modulate and activate the immune response to obtain a therapeutic cure. Nowadays, the focus of many groups centers on treating canine VL by using vaccines and immunomodulators with or without chemotherapy. In human disease, the use of cytokines like interferon-γ associated with pentavalent antimonials demonstrated promising results in patients that did not respond to conventional treatment. In mice, immunomodulation based on monoclonal antibodies to remove endogenous immunosuppressive cytokines (interleukin-10) or block their receptors, antigen-pulsed syngeneic dendritic cells, or biological products like Pam3Cys (TLR ligand) has already been shown as a prospective treatment of the disease. This review addresses VL treatment, particularly immunotherapy and/or immunochemotherapy as an alternative to conventional drug treatment in experimental models, canine VL, and human disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.