Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24982323›Full record

ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2014

Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the 21st century: past, evolution, and future.

Magnus Unemo, William M Shafer

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readHistorical ArticleReview
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05581160 (Assess the Performance of Metagenomic Sequencing in the Diagnosis of STI), which is not on this map. Cited by 608 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
608citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
45.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05581160 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Assess the Performance of Metagenomic Sequencing in the Diagnosis of STI (NGS-IST)

TypeinterventionalSponsorInstitut de Médecine et d'Epidémiologie Appliquée - Fondation Internationale Léon M'BaRan2022 to 2024Enrolled332ConditionsSexually Transmitted Infections (Not HIV or Hepatitis), Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection, Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Infection, Mycoplasma Genitalium InfectionArmsAssess the Performance of Metagenomic Sequencing in the Diagnosis of STI (NGS-IST)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

608 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,163 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. A systematic review of Neisseria gonorrhoeae drug resistance development in South Africa.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2024
    Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. The frequency of mutations in theFrontiers in microbiology · 2024
    Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Frontiers in microbiology · 2024
    Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Fluoroquinolone resistance-conferringAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026
    Article
  10. Heterogeneity of azithromycin resistance markers inNew microbes and new infections · 2026
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Development and Laboratory Evaluation of aInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  14. An antibody-drug conjugate active against antibiotic-resistantProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Trends and risk factors of antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Catalonia, Spain, 2022-2023.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Rapid Cas13a-basedmSphere · 2026
    Article

548 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Magnus UnemoWHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections, National Reference Laboratory for Pathogenic Neisseria, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
William M ShaferDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Laboratories of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA wshafer@emory.edu.
Emory University · USÖrebro University Hospital · SE

Funding

Trichomonas Typing SystemU19AI031496 · NIAID · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI HOBBS, MARCIA METZGAR · 1995 to 2014
$24.9M
Gonococci: Genetics of Resistance to PMN ProteinsR37AI021150 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI SHAFER, WILLIAM MAURICE · 2010 to 2019
$3.9M
Polyamine Modulation of Goncoccal VirulenceR21AI103270 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI SHAFER, WILLIAM MAURICE · 2013 to 2014
$341k
Gonococcal Mechanisms to Evade Host DefensesI01BX000112 · VA · VETERANS HEALTH ADMINISTRATION · PI SHAFER, WILLIAM MAURICE · 2009 to 2017
–
BLRD VA I01 BX000112NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI103270NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI103270-01NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI021150NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI021150-29NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI031496
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is evolving into a superbug with resistance to previously and currently recommended antimicrobials for treatment of gonorrhea, which is a major public health concern globally. Given the global nature of gonorrhea, the high rate of usage of antimicrobials, suboptimal control and monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and treatment failures, slow update of treatment guidelines in most geographical settings, and the extraordinary capacity of the gonococci to develop and retain AMR, it is likely that the global problem of gonococcal AMR will worsen in the foreseeable future and that the severe complications of gonorrhea will emerge as a silent epidemic. By understanding the evolution, emergence, and spread of AMR in N. gonorrhoeae, including its molecular and phenotypic mechanisms, resistance to antimicrobials used clinically can be anticipated, future methods for genetic testing for AMR might permit region-specific and tailor-made antimicrobial therapy, and the design of novel antimicrobials to circumvent the resistance problems can be undertaken more rationally. This review focuses on the history and evolution of gonorrhea treatment regimens and emerging resistance to them, on genetic and phenotypic determinants of gonococcal resistance to previously and currently recommended antimicrobials, including biological costs or benefits; and on crucial actions and future advances necessary to detect and treat resistant gonococcal strains and, ultimately, retain gonorrhea as a treatable infection.

Indexed as

Drug Resistance, BacterialAnti-Infective AgentsGene-Environment InteractionGenetic FitnessGonorrheaHistory, 21st CenturyHumansNeisseria gonorrhoeaeAnti-Infective Agents

Identifiers

PMID24982323
PMCPMC4135894
OpenAlexW1967593111

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.