ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2014
Black yeasts and their filamentous relatives: principles of pathogenesis and host defense.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- [Fungal infection by Cladophialophora bantiana and development of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis. A systematic review of 58 case reports].Revista de neurologia · 2023Pooled it
- A fatal neonatal case of fungemia due to Exophiala dermatitidis-case report and literature review.BMC pediatrics · 2022Pooled it
- First report ofMedical mycology case reports · 2026Article
- Is the Exophiala complex a silent threat in Brazil? A systematic review.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2026Article
- Iron acquisition strategies of the rock-inhabiting fungusApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Bronchobiliary fistula secondary to hepatic malignancy with Exophiala dermatitidis infection: a case report.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing unravels T cell exhaustion underlying the chronicity of chromoblastomycosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A comprehensive review of neurotropic fungal infections: clinical manifestations and vaccines.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Review
- A novel case of feline Exophiala spinifera disease in Americas: review integrating diagnosis and clinical.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2025Review
- Emergence, function, and therapeutic strategies to target the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint during pathogenic fungal infections.Virulence · 2025Review
- Spectrum of clinically significant melanized fungi in NIH hospitalized patients and their antifungal susceptibility profiles.Medical mycology · 2025Article
- Review
- A Pathogen's Whisper: Reactivation of Quiescent Membranous Nephropathy by Disseminated Tuberculosis.Cureus · 2025Article
- Non-Candida mycosis in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries: perspective of a low-incidence region.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Article
- The protein kinases family in fungi: adaptability, virulence and conservation between species.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Black mold in the bag room: First case ofIDCases · 2025Article
- Fungal primary and opportunistic pathogens: an ecological perspective.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Development of PCR-Multiplex Assays for Identification of the Herpotrichiellaceae Family and Agents Causing Chromoblastomycosis.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Metallotolerance and Biosorption of As(V) and Cr(VI) by Black Fungi.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Among the melanized fungi, the so-called "black yeasts" and their filamentous relatives are particularly significant as agents of severe phaeohyphomycosis, chromoblastomycosis, and mycetoma in humans and animals. The pathogenicity and virulence of these fungi may differ significantly between closely related species. The factors which probably are of significance for pathogenicity include the presence of melanin and carotene, formation of thick cell walls and meristematic growth, presence of yeast-like phases, thermo- and perhaps also osmotolerance, adhesion, hydrophobicity, assimilation of aromatic hydrocarbons, and production of siderophores. Host defense has been shown to rely mainly on the ingestion and elimination of fungal cells by cells of the innate immune system, especially neutrophils and macrophages. However, there is increasing evidence supporting a role of T-cell-mediated immune responses, with increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) and low levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) being deleterious during the infection. There are no standardized therapies for treatment. It is therefore important to obtain in vitro susceptibilities of individual patients' fungal isolates in order to provide useful information for selection of appropriate treatment protocols. This article discusses the pathogenesis and host defense factors for these fungi and their severity, chronicity, and subsequent impact on treatment and prevention of diseases in human or animal hosts.
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