ArticleNucleic acids research2014
Molecular evolutionary and structural analysis of the cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS and STING.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 125 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
125 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 200 citations in OpenAlex.
- cGAS in nucleus: The link between immune response and DNA damage repair.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- The cGAS-STING/MITA pathway in innate antiviral immunity and beyond.Cell insight · 2026Review
- Dynamic phosphorylation of cGAS by DNA-PKcs and PPP1CC balances DNA repair and innate immunity.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Article
- Evolutionary conservation analysis reveals a primordial function of STING as a regulator of lipid metabolism via FADS2.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A Leap Forward in Vaccination - the Epigenetic Silencing of HIV by cVacc.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- Review
- Expanding roles of cGAS-STING signaling in neuroinflammation.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- TBKBP1 induces capecitabine resistance through negative regulation of type I interferon pathway in triple-negative breast cancer.Oncogene · 2026Article
- UVB-induced genotoxic stress activates the DNA damage response and innate immune pathways in sea urchin coelomocytes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Bridging innate and adaptive tumor immunity: cGAS-STING pathway activation to potentiate immune checkpoint blockade.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- Self-DNA by Activating the CGAS-STING1 Pathway Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2025Review
- NONO Protein Regulates the Immune Response in Human Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- cGAS-STING targeting offers novel therapeutic regimen in sepsis-associated organ dysfunction.Cell biology and toxicology · 2025Review
- Effect of Regulating FUNDC1 Mitophagy-Mediated cGAS/STING Pathway in Oleic Acid-Induced Acute Lung Injury Model.Pulmonary circulation · 2025Article
- Demystifying the cGAS-STING pathway: precision regulation in the tumor immune microenvironment.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- The cGAS-STING axis: a comprehensive review from immune defense to disease pathogenesis.Immunologic research · 2025Review
- Emerging role of the cGAS-STING pathway in cardiovascular diseases: biologic function, mechanisms and targeted therapy.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Review
- Deubiquitinase-Targeting Chimeras (DUBTACs) as a Potential Paradigm-Shifting Drug Discovery Approach.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Viral protease binds to nucleosomal DNA and cleaves nuclear cGAS that attenuates type I interferon.mBio · 2025Article
- Marek's disease virus protein kinase US3 inhibits DNA-sensing antiviral innate immunity via abrogating activation of NF-κB.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
65 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) is recently identified as a cytosolic DNA sensor and generates a non-canonical cGAMP that contains G(2',5')pA and A(3',5')pG phosphodiester linkages. cGAMP activates STING which triggers innate immune responses in mammals. However, the evolutionary functions and origins of cGAS and STING remain largely elusive. Here, we carried out comprehensive evolutionary analyses of the cGAS-STING pathway. Phylogenetic analysis of cGAS and STING families showed that their origins could be traced back to a choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis. Modern cGAS and STING may have acquired structural features, including zinc-ribbon domain and critical amino acid residues for DNA binding in cGAS as well as carboxy terminal tail domain for transducing signals in STING, only recently in vertebrates. In invertebrates, cGAS homologs may not act as DNA sensors. Both proteins cooperate extensively, have similar evolutionary characteristics, and thus may have co-evolved during metazoan evolution. cGAS homologs and a prokaryotic dinucleotide cyclase for canonical cGAMP share conserved secondary structures and catalytic residues. Therefore, non-mammalian cGAS may function as a nucleotidyltransferase and could produce cGAMP and other cyclic dinucleotides. Taken together, assembling signaling components of the cGAS-STING pathway onto the eukaryotic evolutionary map illuminates the functions and origins of this innate immune pathway.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.