Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24981077›Full record

SynthesisMolecular genetics and metabolism2014

Pleiotropic genes for metabolic syndrome and inflammation.

Aldi T Kraja, Daniel I Chasman, Kari E North, Alexander P Reiner, Lisa R Yanek, Tuomas O Kilpeläinen, Jennifer A Smith, Abbas Dehghan, Josée Dupuis, Andrew D Johnson and 69 more

Open access · hybridAbstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Molecular genetics and metabolism, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
81citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
6.3field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

81 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 147 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  18. ZebrafishFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024
    Article
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21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

79 authors at 20 institutions in 7 countries.

Aldi T KrajaDivision of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. Electronic address: aldi@wustl.edu.
Daniel I ChasmanDivision of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: dchasman@research.bwh.harvard.edu.
Kari E NorthDepartment of Epidemiology and Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address: kari_north@unc.edu.
Alexander P ReinerDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address: apreiner@u.washington.edu.
Lisa R YanekDivision of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: lryanek@jhmi.edu.
Tuomas O KilpeläinenThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: tuomas.kilpelainen@sund.ku.dk.
Jennifer A SmithDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Electronic address: smjenn@umich.edu.
Abbas DehghanDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: a.dehghan@erasmusmc.nl.
Josée DupuisDepartment of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA. Electronic address: dupuis@bu.edu.
Andrew D JohnsonNational Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Division of Intramural Research and NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA. Electronic address: johnsonad2@nhlbi.nih.gov.
Mary F FeitosaDivision of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. Electronic address: mfeitosa@wustl.edu.
Fasil Tekola-AyeleCenter for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Electronic address: fasil.ayele2@nih.gov.
Audrey Y ChuDivision of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: aychu@partners.org.
Ilja M NolteDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: i.m.nolte@umcg.nl.
Zari DastaniDepartment of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute, McGill University Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Electronic address: zari.dastani@mail.mcgill.ca.
Andrew MorrisThe Welcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Electronic address: andrew.morris@well.ox.ac.uk.
Sarah A PendergrassDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Eberly College of Science and The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA. Electronic address: sap29@psu.edu.
Yan V SunDepartment of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, and Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: yan.v.sun@emory.edu.
Marylyn D RitchieDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. Electronic address: marylyn.ritchie@psu.edu.
Ahmad VaezDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: a.vaez@umcg.nl.
Honghuang LinSection of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: hhlin@bu.edu.
Symen LigthartDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: s.ligthart@erasmusmc.nl.
Letizia MarulloThe Welcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. Electronic address: lety@well.ox.ac.uk.
Rebecca RohdeDepartment of Epidemiology and Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address: rohde@email.unc.edu.
Yaming ShaoDepartment of Epidemiology and Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address: yaming_shao@unc.edu.
Mark A ZieglerDivision of Biostatistics, MSIBS Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. Electronic address: MZiegler23@WUSTL.EDU.
Hae Kyung ImDepartment of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: haky@uchicago.edu.
Cross Consortia Pleiotropy Group
Cohorts for Heart and
Aging Research in Genetic Epidemiology
Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits Consortium
Global Lipids Genetics Consortium
Meta-Analyses of Glucose
Insulin-related traits Consortium
Global BPgen Consortium
ADIPOGen Consortium
Women's Genome Health Study
Howard University Family Study
Renate B SchnabelDepartment of General and Interventional Cardiology University Heart Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Electronic address: schnabelr@gmx.de.
Torben JørgensenResearch Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark; Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: tojo@glo.regionh.dk.
Marit E JørgensenSteno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark. Electronic address: maej@steno.dk.
Torben HansenThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: torben.hansen@sund.ku.dk.
Oluf PedersenThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: oluf@sund.ku.dk.
Ronald P StolkDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: r.p.stolk@umcg.nl.
Harold SniederDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: h.snieder@umcg.nl.
Albert HofmanDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: a.hofman@erasmusmc.nl.
Andre G UitterlindenDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: a.g.uitterlinden@erasmusmc.nl.
Oscar H FrancoDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: o.franco@erasmusmc.nl.
M Arfan IkramDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: m.a.ikram@erasmusmc.nl.
J Brent RichardsDepartment of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute, McGill University Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Human Genetics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Canada; Department of Twin Research, King's College, London, UK. Electronic address: brent.richards@mcgill.ca.
Charles RotimiCenter for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Electronic address: rotimic@mail.nih.gov.
James G WilsonUniversity of Mississippi, Medical Center, MS, USA. Electronic address: jgwilson2@umc.edu.
Leslie LangeDepartment of Genetics, University of North Carolina, NC, USA. Electronic address: leslie_lange@med.unc.edu.
Santhi K GaneshDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, MI, USA. Electronic address: sganesh@med.umich.edu.
Mike NallsMolecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. Electronic address: nallsm@mail.nih.gov.
Laura J Rasmussen-TorvikNorthwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: ljrtorvik@northwestern.edu.
James S PankowDivision of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. Electronic address: panko001@umn.edu.
Josef CoreshDepartment of Medicine, Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: coresh@jhu.edu.
Weihong TangDivision of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. Electronic address: tang0097@umn.edu.
W H Linda KaoDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: wkao@jhsph.edu.
Eric BoerwinkleHuman Genetics Center, University of Texas - Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: Eric.Boerwinkle@uth.tmc.edu.
Alanna C MorrisonHuman Genetics Center, University of Texas - Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: Alanna.C.Morrison@uth.tmc.edu.
Paul M RidkerDivision of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: pridker@partners.org.
Diane M BeckerDivision of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: DBecker607@aol.com.
Jerome I RotterInstitute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed), Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA. Electronic address: jrotter@labiomed.org.
Sharon L R KardiaDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Electronic address: skardia@umich.edu.
Ruth J F LoosThe Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: ruth.loos@mssm.edu.
Martin G LarsonDepartment of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: mlarson@bu.edu.
Yi-Hsiang HsuHebrew Senior Life Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School and Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: YiHsiangHsu@hsl.harvard.edu.
Michael A ProvinceDivision of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. Electronic address: mprovince@wustl.edu.
Russell TracyUniversity of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA. Electronic address: russell.tracy@med.uvm.edu.
Benjamin F VoightDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: bvoight@upenn.edu.
Dhananjay VaidyaDivision of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: dvaidya1@jhmi.edu.
Christopher J O'DonnellNational Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Division of Intramural Research and NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA. Electronic address: odonnellc@nhlbi.nih.gov.
Emelia J BenjaminNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Cardiology and Preventive Medicine Sections, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: emelia@bu.edu.
Behrooz Z AlizadehDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: b.z.alizadeh@umcg.nl.
Inga ProkopenkoDepartment of Genomics of Common Diseases, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK. Electronic address: i.prokopenko@imperial.ac.uk.
James B MeigsGeneral Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: jmeigs@partners.org.
Ingrid B BoreckiDivision of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. Electronic address: iborecki@wustl.edu.
National Institutes of Health · USErasmus University Rotterdam · NLHarvard University Press · USJohns Hopkins University · USUniversity of Groningen · NLWashington University in St. Louis · USUniversity of Copenhagen · DKUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · USBoston University · USPennsylvania State University · USThe University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston · USUniversity of Michigan–Ann Arbor · USUniversity of Minnesota System · USAnn Arbor Center for Independent Living · USEmory University · USIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai · USImperial College London · GBKing's College London · GBMcGill University · CANorthwestern University · US

Funding

Institute for Clinical and Translational ResearchUL1TR001079 · NCATS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI FORD, DANIEL ERNEST · 2013 to 2017
$60.1M
UCLA Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR000124 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI DUBINETT, STEVEN M. · 2012 to 2015
$57.0M
Genetic epidemiology of complex diseasesZIAHG200362 · NHGRI · NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI ROTIMI, CHARLES · 2009 to 2025
$54.7M
Transgenic & Knock-out MouseP30DK063491 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Andrea L Hevener · 2003 to 2026
$40.4M
ZINC AND CA EDTA THERAPY OF PLUMBISMM01RR000052 · NCRR · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI MARSH, LAURA · 1985 to 2007
$37.3M
Women's Health Study: Continued Follow-upR01CA047988 · NCI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI BURING, JULIE E., LEE, I-MIN · 1991 to 2014
$28.2M
Cardiovascular Genomics and Bioinformatics projectsZIAHL006170 · NHLBI · NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE · PI JOHNSON, ANDREW · 2013 to 2025
$25.3M
IDENTIFICATION OF COMMON GENETIC VARIANTS FOR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND PR INTERVALR01HL092577 · NHLBI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI BENJAMIN, EMELIA J., ELLINOR, PATRICK THOMAS · 2009 to 2025
$20.6M
Re-Engineering Translational Research at the University of ChicagoUL1TR000430 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI SOLWAY, JULIAN · 2012 to 2016
$20.2M
Genotypic Determinants of Aspirin Response in High Risk FamiliesU01HL072518 · NHLBI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI BECKER, LEWIS C · 2002 to 2008
$12.8M
Developing an Oncology Workforce for the 21st Century - Renewal 01K12CA139160 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI OLOPADE, OLUFUNMILAYO F., SMITH, SONALI · 2010 to 2024
$10.6M
JHU-UMD Diabetes Research CenterP30DK079637 · NIDDK · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI AHIMA, REXFORD S. · 2013 to 2017
$9.7M
Intramural NIH HHS Z01 AG000932Medical Research Council G0701863Medical Research Council MC_U106179471Medical Research Council MC_UU_12015/1NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000124NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000430NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001079NCI NIH HHS CA047988NCI NIH HHS K12 CA139160NCI NIH HHS R01 CA047988NCRR NIH HHS M01 RR000052NCRR NIH HHS M01-RR000052NHLBI NIH HHS 1R01HL092577NHLBI NIH HHS 1R01 HL64753NHLBI NIH HHS HL054457NHLBI NIH HHS HL054464NHLBI NIH HHS HL054481NHLBI NIH HHS HL071025-01A1NHLBI NIH HHS HL080467NHLBI NIH HHS HL081331NHLBI NIH HHS HL087660NHLBI NIH HHS HL58625-01A1NHLBI NIH HHS HL59684NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC005187NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC025195NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC045134NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC045204NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC045205NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC048047NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC048048NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC048049NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC048050NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-05187NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095095NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-25195NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-45204NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-45205NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-48047NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-48048NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-48049NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-48050NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-95095NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-95100NHLBI NIH HHS N02-HL-6-4278NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL043851NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL059684NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL071025NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL076784NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL080467NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL087660NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL092577NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL117078NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL054457NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL054464NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL054481NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL072518NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL081331NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL108630NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL72518NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL054457NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL054464NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL054481NIAMS NIH HHS R21 AR056405NIA NIH HHS 1R01 AG028321NIA NIH HHS R01 AG028321NIA NIH HHS Z01-AG000932-06NIDDK NIH HHS 1R01DK8925601NIDDK NIH HHS K24 DK080140NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK063491NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK079637NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK075681NIDDK NIH HHS R01DK075681NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK078616NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK089256NIMHD NIH HHS P20 MD006899NINR NIH HHS NR0224103Wellcome Trust 090532
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a health and financial burden worldwide. The MetS definition captures clustering of risk factors that predict higher risk for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Our study hypothesis is that additional to genes influencing individual MetS risk factors, genetic variants exist that influence MetS and inflammatory markers forming a predisposing MetS genetic network. To test this hypothesis a staged approach was undertaken. (a) We analyzed 17 metabolic and inflammatory traits in more than 85,500 participants from 14 large epidemiological studies within the Cross Consortia Pleiotropy Group. Individuals classified with MetS (NCEP definition), versus those without, showed on average significantly different levels for most inflammatory markers studied. (b) Paired average correlations between 8 metabolic traits and 9 inflammatory markers from the same studies as above, estimated with two methods, and factor analyses on large simulated data, helped in identifying 8 combinations of traits for follow-up in meta-analyses, out of 130,305 possible combinations between metabolic traits and inflammatory markers studied. (c) We performed correlated meta-analyses for 8 metabolic traits and 6 inflammatory markers by using existing GWAS published genetic summary results, with about 2.5 million SNPs from twelve predominantly largest GWAS consortia. These analyses yielded 130 unique SNPs/genes with pleiotropic associations (a SNP/gene associating at least one metabolic trait and one inflammatory marker). Of them twenty-five variants (seven loci newly reported) are proposed as MetS candidates. They map to genes MACF1, KIAA0754, GCKR, GRB14, COBLL1, LOC646736-IRS1, SLC39A8, NELFE, SKIV2L, STK19, TFAP2B, BAZ1B, BCL7B, TBL2, MLXIPL, LPL, TRIB1, ATXN2, HECTD4, PTPN11, ZNF664, PDXDC1, FTO, MC4R and TOMM40. Based on large data evidence, we conclude that inflammation is a feature of MetS and several gene variants show pleiotropic genetic associations across phenotypes and might explain a part of MetS correlated genetic architecture. These findings warrant further functional investigation.

Indexed as

Genetic PleiotropyGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseInflammationMetabolic SyndromeBiomarkersComputational BiologyGene Regulatory NetworksGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansPhenotypeQuantitative Trait, HeritableBiomarkersInflammatory markersMeta-analysisMetabolic syndromePleiotropic associationsRegulome

Identifiers

PMID24981077
PMCPMC4122618
OpenAlexW2108102133

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.