ReviewEuropean child & adolescent psychiatry2015
Comorbidity of ADHD and incontinence in children.
Review in European child & adolescent psychiatry, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 159 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis: relationships between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and urinary symptoms in children.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and nocturnal enuresis co-occurrence in the pediatric population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2021Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis identify significant relationships between clinical anxiety and lower urinary tract symptoms.Brain and behavior · 2021Pooled it
- EAU-ESPU guidelines recommendations for daytime lower urinary tract conditions in children.European journal of pediatrics · 2020Guideline
- Incontinence in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2018Pooled it
- Bowel Management and Standard Urotherapy in Pediatric Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Physical Complaints Decrease after Following a Few-Foods Diet in Children with ADHD.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Psychological and Psychiatric Issues in Enuresis and Urinary Incontinence-A Revised and Updated Document of the International Children's Continence Society (ICCS).Neurourology and urodynamics · 2026Review
- Psychological and Psychiatric Issues in Functional Constipation, Fecal Incontinence and Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction-A Revised and Updated Document of the International Children's Continence Society (ICCS).Neurourology and urodynamics · 2026Review
- Enuresis, ADHD and BDNF: A Narrative Review of the Hypothesized Interconnections and Potential Triplet Relationship.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Association between mental health problems and nocturnal enuresis among children and adolescents in Ethiopia.Discover mental health · 2026Article
- Fecal incontinence in hospitalized bipolar disorder patients: prevalence, gender disparities, and associations with demographic and pharmacological factors.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Comparing bladder bowel dysfunction (BBD) in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with or without ADHD medical therapy and their initial response to BBD treatment.Journal of pediatric urology · 2025Article
- Exploring clinical and urinary factors in treatment-resistant vs. treatment-responsive childhood enuresis: a comparative study.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Is it possible to predict the response to therapy in enuretic children? The PiFe score.Central European journal of urology · 2025Article
- New Advances in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-like Dogs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- A Nomogram for Predicting ADHD and ASD in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS).Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Mentalization and emotion regulation abilities in parents of children with nocturnal enuresis and its relationship with perceived caregiver burden.Northern clinics of Istanbul · 2023Article
- Medical disorders in a Danish cohort of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
ADHD and incontinence are common childhood disorders which co-occur at much higher rates than expected by chance. The aim of this review was to provide an overview both of the comorbidity of nocturnal enuresis (NE), daytime urinary incontinence (DUI) and faecal incontinence (FI) in children with ADHD; and, vice versa, of the co-occurrence of ADHD in children with NE, DUI and FI. Most clinical studies have focussed on the association of ADHD and NE. Population-based studies have shown that children with DUI have an even greater risk for ADHD than those with NE. While children with FI have the highest overall comorbidity rates of psychological disorders, these are heterogeneous with a wide range of internalising and externalising disorders--not necessarily of ADHD. Genetic studies indicate that ADHD and NE, DUI and FI do not share the same genetic basis. The comorbidity is conferred by non-genetic factors. Possible aetiological and pathogenetic links between ADHD and incontinence are provided by neurophysiological, imaging and pharmacological studies. The co-occurrence has clinical implications: children with ADHD and NE, DUI and FI are more difficult to treat, show lower compliance and have less favourable treatment outcomes for incontinence. Therefore, both groups of disorders have to be assessed and treated specifically.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.