SynthesisJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2014
Practitioner review: Engaging fathers--recommendations for a game change in parenting interventions based on a systematic review of the global evidence.
Synthesis in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 250 papers, 19 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
250 citing papers in PubMed, 19 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Activation parenting in mothers and fathers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Infant mental health journal · 2026Pooled it
- The efficacy of parenting interventions for forced migrant families on child internalizing and externalizing symptoms, parental self-efficacy, and parental competence: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Transcultural psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Positive and negative parenting practices and offspring disruptive behavior: A meta-analytic review of quasi-experimental evidence.Psychological bulletin · 2025Pooled it
- Barriers and Facilitators to Engaging Mothers and Fathers in Family-Based Interventions: A Qualitative Systematic Review.Child psychiatry and human development · 2024Pooled it
- Engaging Parents in Technology-Assisted Interventions for Childhood Adversity: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Pooled it
- Game-based learning in early childhood education: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Family-Involved Interventions in Reducing Co-Occurring Alcohol Use and Mental Health Problems in Young People Aged 12-17: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Modifiable Parent Factors Associated with Child and Adolescent School Refusal: A Systematic Review.Child psychiatry and human development · 2023Pooled it
- Effectiveness of father-inclusive interventions on maternal, paternal, couples, and early child outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2023Pooled it
- Intervention and Implementation Characteristics to Enhance Father Engagement: A Systematic Review of Parenting Interventions.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2023Pooled it
- Implementation characteristics of father-inclusive interventions in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Understanding Engagement in Digital Mental Health and Well-being Programs for Women in the Perinatal Period: Systematic Review Without Meta-analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2022Pooled it
- A Systematic Review Focusing on Psychotherapeutic Interventions that Impact Parental Psychopathology, Child Psychopathology and Parenting Behavior.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2021Pooled it
- Parenting interventions to promote early child development in the first three years of life: A global systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Fatherhood Matters: An Integrative Review of Fatherhood Intervention Research.The Journal of school nursing : the official publication of the National Association of School Nurses · 2020Pooled it
- Assessing the Mental Health of Fathers, Other Co-parents, and Partners in the Perinatal Period: Mixed Methods Evidence Synthesis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Fathers of Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review of the Impact of Fathers' Involvement on Youth, Families, and Intervention.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2019Pooled it
- The Effectiveness of Parent Training Programs for Child Maltreatment and Their Components: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- Mental health and wellbeing during the transition to fatherhood: a systematic review of first time fathers' experiences.JBI database of systematic reviews and implementation reports · 2018Pooled it
- Connected Dads, Healthy Teens: A Pilot Study of an Online Father-Teen Program to Support Teens' Sexual Health.Journal of sex research · 2026Trial
190 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite robust evidence of fathers' impact on children and mothers, engaging with fathers is one of the least well-explored and articulated aspects of parenting interventions. It is therefore critical to evaluate implicit and explicit biases manifested in current approaches to research, intervention, and policy.
methodsWe conducted a systematic database and a thematic hand search of the global literature on parenting interventions. Studies were selected from Medline, Psychinfo, SSCI, and Cochrane databases, and from gray literature on parenting programs, using multiple search terms for parent, father, intervention, and evaluation. We tabulated single programs and undertook systematic quality coding to review the evidence base in terms of the scope and nature of data reporting.
resultsAfter screening 786 nonduplicate records, we identified 199 publications that presented evidence on father participation and impact in parenting interventions. With some notable exceptions, few interventions disaggregate 'father' or 'couple' effects in their evaluation, being mostly driven by a focus on the mother-child dyad. We identified seven key barriers to engaging fathers in parenting programs, pertaining to cultural, institutional, professional, operational, content, resource, and policy considerations in their design and delivery.
conclusionsBarriers to engaging men as parents work against father inclusion as well as father retention, and undervalue coparenting as contrasted with mothering. Robust evaluations of father participation and father impact on child or family outcomes are stymied by the ways in which parenting interventions are currently designed, delivered, and evaluated. Three key priorities are to engage fathers and coparenting couples successfully, to disaggregate process and impact data by fathers, mothers, and coparents, and to pay greater attention to issues of reach, sustainability, cost, equity, and scale-up. Clarity of purpose with respect to gender-differentiated and coparenting issues in the design, delivery, and evaluation of parenting programs will constitute a game change in this field.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.