ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2014
Dopamine transporters govern diurnal variation in extracellular dopamine tone.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 127 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
127 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 189 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disruption of circadian rhythms promotes alcohol use: a systematic review.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2024Pooled it
- A population of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra is required for food-anticipatory activity.Current biology : CB · 2026Article
- Defining Clock Neurons Within Distributed Circadian Circuits Through Multiscale Technologies.Journal of biological rhythms · 2026Review
- Zwitterionic Polymer Coating Enabled Chronic Dopamine Sensing and Electrophysiology Recording in Free-Moving Mice.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Time-of-day variation in motivation for everyday behaviors: A cluster-based approach to understanding individual differences.iScience · 2026Article
- Sex and ovarian hormone cycles alter effects of stimulant drugs on mouse dopaminergic signaling.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Circadian modulation of spontaneous dopamine release shapes reward-evoked signaling in the nucleus accumbens.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Visualizing Extracellular Dopamine Dynamics in the Retina Reveals a Biphasic Reduction During Initial Myopia Development.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Genetic Identification of Dopamine Neurons Required for Circadian Food Anticipatory Activity in Mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Zwitterionic polymer coating enabled chronic dopamine sensing and electrophysiology recording in free-moving mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Computational modelling identifies key determinants of subregion-specific dopamine dynamics in the striatum.eLife · 2026Article
- Amphetamine-type stimulants in young adults with ADHD: effects on sleep, circadian rhythms, and neuropsychiatric outcomes.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Tonic dopamine sensing reveals a D2 and D3-mediated dopamine response to raclopride inNpj biosensing · 2026Article
- Associations of sympathetic activation with exposure to volatile organic compounds: A cross-sectional study.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Identification of photoperiod as a regulator of dopamine-mediated behavior in female mice.Neurobiology of sleep and circadian rhythms · 2025Article
- The Orexin System in Addiction: Neuromodulatory Interactions and Therapeutic Potential.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Tonic Dopamine Sensing Reveals a D2/D3 Mediated Dopamine Response to Raclopride in ClockΔ19 Mice Model.Research square · 2025Article
- Mathematical modeling of dopamine rhythms and timing of dopamine reuptake inhibitors.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Disrupted circadian rhythms and opioid-mediated adverse effects: Bidirectional relationship and putative mechanisms.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2025Review
- Striatal astrocytes modulate behavioral flexibility and whole-body metabolism in mice.Nature communications · 2025Article
67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The majority of neurotransmitter systems shows variations in state-dependent cell firing rates that are mechanistically linked to variations in extracellular levels, or tone, of their respective neurotransmitter. Diurnal variation in dopamine tone has also been demonstrated within the striatum, but this neurotransmitter is unique, in that variation in dopamine tone is likely not related to dopamine cell firing; this is largely because of the observation that midbrain dopamine neurons do not display diurnal fluctuations in firing rates. Therefore, we conducted a systematic investigation of possible mechanisms for the variation in extracellular dopamine tone. Using microdialysis and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in rats, as well as wild-type and dopamine transporter (DAT) knock-out mice, we demonstrate that dopamine uptake through the DAT and the magnitude of subsecond dopamine release is inversely related to the magnitude of extracellular dopamine tone. We investigated dopamine metabolism, uptake, release, D2 autoreceptor sensitivity, and tyrosine hydroxylase expression and activity as mechanisms for this variation. Using this approach, we have pinpointed the DAT as a critical governor of diurnal variation in extracellular dopamine tone and, as a consequence, influencing the magnitude of electrically stimulated dopamine release. Understanding diurnal variation in dopamine tone is critical for understanding and treating the multitude of psychiatric disorders that originate from perturbations of the dopamine system.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.