Trial reportPloS one2014
The "Sniffin' Kids" test--a 14-item odor identification test for children.
Trial report in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Methods to assess olfaction in pediatric patients: a systematic review from the international YO-IFOS study group.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2020Pooled it
- A quantitative meta-analysis of olfactory dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2017Pooled it
- Age-Related Variation in Odor Identification Performance in Children Assessed with the Brief Smell Identification Test.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Unmet Need of Olfactory Testing in Inflammatory Disorders of the Upper Airways-An EAACI Position Paper.Allergy · 2026Review
- Point-of-care smell testing for evaluation of olfactory function: a narrative review of clinical utility.Frontiers in allergy · 2026Review
- Olfactory Capacity and Obesity in Chilean Adolescents.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor Improves Sinonasal Outcomes in Young Children With Cystic Fibrosis.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2025Article
- Differences in Perceived Versus Actual Sensory Perception in Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder.The International journal of eating disorders · 2025Article
- Could olfactory identification be a prognostic factor in detecting cognitive impairment risk in the elderly?GeroScience · 2023Article
- Olfactory testing as COVID-19 screening in school children; A prospective cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2022Article
- Odor identification performance in children aged 3-6 years.Pediatric research · 2021Article
- Smell and taste function in childhood cancer patients: a feasibility study.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2021Article
- Development of the Spanish Version of Sniffin's Sticks Olfactory Identification Test: Normative Data and Validity of Parallel Measures.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Association of pediatric idiopathic intracranial hypertension with olfactory performance.European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society · 2021Article
- Subtle olfactory dysfunction after SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in children.International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology · 2021Article
- Spanish Validation for Olfactory Function Testing Using the Sniffin' Sticks Olfactory Test: Threshold, Discrimination, and Identification.Brain sciences · 2020Article
- Updated Sniffin' Sticks normative data based on an extended sample of 9139 subjects.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2019Article
- Olfactory assessment in the Chinese pediatric population.Medicine · 2018Article
- Olfactory perception in children.World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery · 2018Review
- Effects of diversity in olfactory environment on children's sense of smell.Scientific reports · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tools for measuring olfactory function in adults have been well established. Although studies have shown that olfactory impairment in children may occur as a consequence of a number of diseases or head trauma, until today no consensus on how to evaluate the sense of smell in children exists in Europe. Aim of the study was to develop a modified "Sniffin' Sticks" odor identification test, the "Sniffin' Kids" test for the use in children. In this study 537 children between 6-17 years of age were included. Fourteen odors, which were identified at a high rate by children, were selected from the "Sniffin' Sticks" 16-item odor identification test. Normative date for the 14-item "Sniffin' Kids" odor identification test was obtained. The test was validated by including a group of congenital anosmic children. Results show that the "Sniffin' Kids" test is able to discriminate between normosmia and anosmia with a cutoff value of >7 points on the odor identification test. In addition the test-retest reliability was investigated in a group of 31 healthy children and shown to be ρ = 0.44. With the 14-item odor identification "Sniffin' Kids" test we present a valid and reliable test for measuring olfactory function in children between ages 6-17 years.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.