Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24979615›Full record

Trial reportNutrients2014

The effects of a ketogenic diet on exercise metabolism and physical performance in off-road cyclists.

Adam Zajac, Stanisław Poprzecki, Adam Maszczyk, Miłosz Czuba, Małgorzata Michalczyk, Grzegorz Zydek

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Nutrients, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06242548 (How Type I Diabetes Responds to Different Diets), which is not on this map. Cited by 88 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
88citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06242548 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

How Type I Diabetes Responds to Different Diets (Normoglucidic or Ketogenic) During Physical Activity at Altitude

TypeinterventionalSponsorCentre Hospitalier Metropole SavoieRan2023 to 2023Enrolled5ConditionsDiet Habit, Type I Diabetes, Activity, Motor, ControlArmsphysical activity outings in the mountains at a level already practised by the subjects, while maintaining their usual diet (normoglucidic or ketogenic)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

88 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  5. High-protein diets and testosterone.Nutrition and health · 2023
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  20. Reliability and diagnostic performance of a new blood ketone and glucose meter in humans.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2021
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28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Adam ZajacDepartment of Sports Training-Academy of Physical Education im. J. Kukuczki in Katowice, Mikolowska 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland. a.zajac@awf.katowice.pl.
Stanisław PoprzeckiDepartment of Biochemistry-Academy of Physical Education im. J. Kukuczki in Katowice, Mikolowska 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland. s.poprzecki@awf.katowice.pl.
Adam MaszczykDepartment of Sports Training-Academy of Physical Education im. J. Kukuczki in Katowice, Mikolowska 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland. a.maszczyk@awf.katowice.pl.
Miłosz CzubaDepartment of Sports Training-Academy of Physical Education im. J. Kukuczki in Katowice, Mikolowska 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland. m.czuba@awf.katowice.pl.
Małgorzata MichalczykDepartment of Sports Nutrition-Academy of Physical Education im. J. Kukuczki in Katowice, Mikolowska 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland. m.michalczyk@awf.katowice.pl.
Grzegorz ZydekDepartment of Sports Nutrition-Academy of Physical Education im. J. Kukuczki in Katowice, Mikolowska 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland. g.zydek@awf.katowice.pl.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The main objective of this research was to determine the effects of a long-term ketogenic diet, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, on aerobic performance and exercise metabolism in off-road cyclists. Additionally, the effects of this diet on body mass and body composition were evaluated, as well as those that occurred in the lipid and lipoprotein profiles due to the dietary intervention. The research material included eight male subjects, aged 28.3 ± 3.9 years, with at least five years of training experience that competed in off-road cycling. Each cyclist performed a continuous exercise protocol on a cycloergometer with varied intensity, after a mixed and ketogenic diet in a crossover design. The ketogenic diet stimulated favorable changes in body mass and body composition, as well as in the lipid and lipoprotein profiles. Important findings of the present study include a significant increase in the relative values of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and oxygen uptake at lactate threshold (VO2 LT) after the ketogenic diet, which can be explained by reductions in body mass and fat mass and/or the greater oxygen uptake necessary to obtain the same energy yield as on a mixed diet, due to increased fat oxidation or by enhanced sympathetic activation. The max work load and the work load at lactate threshold were significantly higher after the mixed diet. The values of the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were significantly lower at rest and during particular stages of the exercise protocol following the ketogenic diet. The heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake were significantly higher at rest and during the first three stages of exercise after the ketogenic diet, while the reverse was true during the last stage of the exercise protocol conducted with maximal intensity. Creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were significantly lower at rest and during particular stages of the 105-min exercise protocol following the low carbohydrate ketogenic diet. The alterations in insulin and cortisol concentrations due to the dietary intervention confirm the concept that the glucostatic mechanism controls the hormonal and metabolic responses to exercise.

Indexed as

Diet, KetogenicAdultBicyclingBody CompositionBody Mass IndexCholesterolCreatine KinaseCross-Over StudiesDietary CarbohydratesDietary FatsDietary ProteinsDiet, Carbohydrate-RestrictedElectric ImpedanceExerciseFatty Acids, UnsaturatedHeart RateCholesterolCreatine KinaseDietary CarbohydratesDietary FatsDietary ProteinsFatty Acids, UnsaturatedInsulinL-Lactate DehydrogenaseTriglycerides

Identifiers

PMID24979615
PMCPMC4113752

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.