ArticlePloS one2014
A comparative proteomic analysis of the soluble immune factor environment of rectal and oral mucosa.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Rectal 1% Tenofovir Gel Use Associates with Altered Epidermal Protein Expression.AIDS research and human retrovirusesTrial
- Immune Cells Release MicroRNA-155 Enriched Extracellular Vesicles That Promote HIV-1 Infection.Cells · 2023Article
- Aptamer Profiling of A549 Cells Infected with Low-Pathogenicity and High-Pathogenicity Influenza Viruses.Viruses · 2019Article
- The Pre-clinical Toolbox of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics:Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Review
- HIV and SIV in Body Fluids: From Breast Milk to the Genitourinary Tract.Current immunology reviews · 2019Article
- Impact of the griffithsin anti-HIV microbicide and placebo gels on the rectal mucosal proteome and microbiome in non-human primates.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Highly Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Exposed Seronegative Men Have Lower Mucosal Innate Immune Reactivity.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2017Article
- Recent 5-year Findings and Technological Advances in the Proteomic Study of HIV-associated Disorders.Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics · 2017Review
- Cystatin B and HIV regulate the STAT-1 signaling circuit in HIV-infected and INF-β-treated human macrophages.Journal of neurovirology · 2016Article
- Increased levels of inflammatory cytokines in the female reproductive tract are associated with altered expression of proteases, mucosal barrier proteins, and an influx of HIV-susceptible target cells.Mucosal immunology · 2016Article
- Article
- Periluminal Distribution of HIV-Binding Target Cells and Gp340 in the Oral, Cervical and Sigmoid/Rectal Mucosae: A Mapping Study.PloS one · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveSexual transmission of HIV occurs across a mucosal surface, which contains many soluble immune factors important for HIV immunity. Although the composition of mucosal fluids in the vaginal and oral compartments has been studied extensively, the knowledge of the expression of these factors in the rectal mucosa has been understudied and is very limited. This has particular relevance given that the highest rates of HIV acquisition occur via the rectal tract. To further our understanding of rectal mucosa, this study uses a proteomics approach to characterize immune factor components of rectal fluid, using saliva as a comparison, and evaluates its antiviral activity against HIV.
methodsPaired salivary fluid (n = 10) and rectal lavage fluid (n = 10) samples were collected from healthy, HIV seronegative individuals. Samples were analyzed by label-free tandem mass spectrometry to comprehensively identify and quantify mucosal immune protein abundance differences between saliva and rectal fluids. The HIV inhibitory capacity of these fluids was further assessed using a TZM-bl reporter cell line.
resultsOf the 315 proteins identified in rectal lavage fluid, 72 had known immune functions, many of which have described anti-HIV activity, including cathelicidin, serpins, cystatins and antileukoproteinase. The majority of immune factors were similarly expressed between fluids, with only 21 differentially abundant (p<0.05, multiple comparison corrected). Notably, rectal mucosa had a high abundance of mucosal immunoglobulins and antiproteases relative to saliva, Rectal lavage limited HIV infection by 40-50% in vitro (p<0.05), which is lower than the potent anti-HIV effect of oral mucosal fluid (70-80% inhibition, p<0.005).
conclusionsThis study reveals that rectal mucosa contains many innate immune factors important for host immunity to HIV and can limit viral replication in vitro. This indicates an important role for this fluid as the first line of defense against HIV.
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