ArticlePloS one2014
A comparison of cytotoxicity and oxidative stress from welding fumes generated with a new nickel-, copper-based consumable versus mild and stainless steel-based welding in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Welding Fumes, a Risk Factor for Lung Diseases.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Oxidative Potential Versus Biological Effects: A Review on the Relevance of Cell-Free/Abiotic Assays as Predictors of Toxicity from Airborne Particulate Matter.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Pooled it
- Enhancement of keratinocyte survival and migration elicited by interleukin 24 upregulation in dermal microvascular endothelium upon welding-fume exposure.Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A · 2024Article
- Lung toxicity profile of inhaled copper-nickel welding fume in A/J mice.Inhalation toxicology · 2022Article
- Toxicity of stainless and mild steel particles generated from gas-metal arc welding in primary human small airway epithelial cells.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Genotoxicity and inflammatory potential of stainless steel welding fume particles: an in vitro study on standard vs Cr(VI)-reduced flux-cored wires and the role of released metals.Archives of toxicology · 2021Article
- Modulation of Cardiopulmonary Toxicity and Oxidative Stress by Phenolic-Rich Fraction of Croton zambiscus Leaves in Rat Exposed to Chronic Mixture of Environmental Toxicants.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2021Article
- LncRNA XIST/miR-137 axis strengthens chemo-resistance and glycolysis of colorectal cancer cells by hindering transformation from PKM2 to PKM1.Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers · 2021Article
- Effects of mild steel welding fume particles on pulmonary epithelial inflammation and endothelial activation.Toxicology and industrial health · 2020Article
- Biological effects of inhaled hydraulic fracturing sand dust. III. Cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory responses in cultured murine macrophage cells.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2020Article
- Mild steel and stainless steel welding fumes elicit pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant effects in first trimester trophoblast cells.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2020Article
- Systemic Effects of Segmental Vibration in an Animal Model of Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2018Article
- Evaluation of the molecular mechanisms associated with cytotoxicity and inflammation after pulmonary exposure to different metal-rich welding particles.Nanotoxicology · 2017Article
- Mitochondria-mediated oxidative stress induced by desert dust in rat alveolar macrophages.GeoHealth · 2017Article
- Evaluation of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in buccal mucosa cells of welders in the cities of Cubatão and Santos, state of São Paulo, Brazil.Revista brasileira de medicina do trabalho : publicacao oficial da Associacao Nacional de Medicina do Trabalho-ANAMT · 2017Article
- Pneumococcal infection of respiratory cells exposed to welding fumes; Role of oxidative stress and HIF-1 alpha.PloS one · 2017Article
- Copper chelation by trientine dihydrochloride inhibits liver RFA-induced inflammatory responses in vivo.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2016Article
- Nickel-Refining Fumes Induced DNA Damage and Apoptosis of NIH/3T3 Cells via Oxidative Stress.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2016Article
- Pulmonary toxicity of indium-tin oxide production facility particles in rats.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2016Article
- Exposure to welding fumes and lower airway infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Welding processes that generate fumes containing toxic metals, such as hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni), have been implicated in lung injury, inflammation, and lung tumor promotion in animal models. While federal regulations have reduced permissible worker exposure limits to Cr(VI), this is not always practical considering that welders may work in confined spaces and exhaust ventilation may be ineffective. Thus, there has been a recent initiative to minimize the potentially hazardous components in welding materials by developing new consumables containing much less Cr(VI) and Mn. A new nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu)-based material (Ni-Cu WF) is being suggested as a safer alternative to stainless steel consumables; however, its adverse cellular effects have not been studied. This study compared the cytotoxic effects of the newly developed Ni-Cu WF with two well-characterized welding fumes, collected from gas metal arc welding using mild steel (GMA-MS) or stainless steel (GMA-SS) electrodes. RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages were exposed to the three welding fumes at two doses (50 µg/ml and 250 µg/ml) for up to 24 hours. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, phagocytic function, and cytokine production were examined. The GMA-MS and GMA-SS samples were found to be more reactive in terms of ROS production compared to the Ni-Cu WF. However, the fumes from this new material were more cytotoxic, inducing cell death and mitochondrial dysfunction at a lower dose. Additionally, pre-treatment with Ni-Cu WF particles impaired the ability of cells to phagocytize E. coli, suggesting macrophage dysfunction. Thus, the toxic cellular responses to welding fumes are largely due to the metal composition. The results also suggest that reducing Cr(VI) and Mn in the generated fume by increasing the concentration of other metals (e.g., Ni, Cu) may not necessarily improve welder safety.
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