ArticlePloS one2014
Intramuscular connective tissue differences in spastic and control muscle: a mechanical and histological study.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Alterations in intramuscular connective tissue in hypertonic muscle: a scoping review.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review of skeletal muscle passive mechanics experimental methodology.Journal of biomechanics · 2021Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of abobotulinumtoxinA in spastic lower limb: Randomized trial and extension.Neurology · 2017Trial
- Human Recombinant Hyaluronidase Injections For Upper Limb Muscle Stiffness in Individuals With Cerebral Injury: A Case Series.EBioMedicine · 2016Trial
- Microscopic and molecular aspects of skeletal muscle alterations in cerebral palsy.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2026Review
- T1 rhizotomy for post-stroke hand flexion spasticity: a preliminary report of 15 cases.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Article
- Quantifying structural properties of forearm flexor muscles in individuals with hemiparetic cerebral palsy using diffusion tensor imaging.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Spastic Paresis: A Treatable Movement Disorder.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2025Article
- Muscle fascicle length adaptations to high-velocity training in young adults with cerebral palsy.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- Polyphenol blend enhances zootechnical performance, improves meat quality, and reduces the severity of wooden breast in broiler chickens.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Effects of a therapeutic suit based on myofascial meridians on postural control and balance in children with cerebral palsy: a multiple-baseline, single-subject study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Article
- Muscle type-specific effects of bilateral abobotulinumtoxinA injection on muscle growth and contractile function in spastic mice.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2024Article
- Serious Game with Electromyography Feedback and Physical Therapy in Young Children with Unilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy and Equinus Gait: A Prospective Open-Label Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Alignment, cross linking, and beyond: a collagen architect's guide to the skeletal muscle extracellular matrix.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2023Review
- Article
- Structure-Function relationships in the skeletal muscle extracellular matrix.Journal of biomechanics · 2023Review
- How mechanics of individual muscle-tendon units define knee and ankle joint function in health and cerebral palsy-a narrative review.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Article
- Quantifying the effects of achilles tendon lengthening surgery: An intraoperative approach.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) of the spastic type is a neurological disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with exaggerated tendon jerks. Secondary to the spasticity, muscle adaptation is presumed to contribute to limitations in the passive range of joint motion. However, the mechanisms underlying these limitations are unknown. Using biopsies, we compared mechanical as well as histological properties of flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (FCU) from CP patients (n = 29) and healthy controls (n = 10). The sarcomere slack length (mean 2.5 µm, SEM 0.05) and slope of the normalized sarcomere length-tension characteristics of spastic fascicle segments and single myofibre segments were not different from those of control muscle. Fibre type distribution also showed no significant differences. Fibre size was significantly smaller (1933 µm2, SEM 190) in spastic muscle than in controls (2572 µm2, SEM 322). However, our statistical analyses indicate that the latter difference is likely to be explained by age, rather than by the affliction. Quantities of endomysial and perimysial networks within biopsies of control and spastic muscle were unchanged with one exception: a significant thickening of the tertiary perimysium (3-fold), i.e. the connective tissue reinforcement of neurovascular tissues penetrating the muscle. Note that this thickening in tertiary perimysium was shown in the majority of CP patients, however a small number of patients (n = 4 out of 23) did not have this feature. These results are taken as indications that enhanced myofascial loads on FCU is one among several factors contributing in a major way to the aetiology of limitation of movement at the wrist in CP and the characteristic wrist position of such patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.