Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24975798›Full record

ReviewInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2014

Death from 1918 pandemic influenza during the First World War: a perspective from personal and anecdotal evidence.

Peter C Wever, Leo van Bergen

Open access · goldAbstract readHistorical ArticleReview
In one paragraph

Review in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
1.1field-weighted citation impact, top 23% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. VLP-Based Model for Study of Airborne Viral Pathogens.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Post-COVID-19 precautions based on lessons learned from past pandemics: a review.Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften = Journal of public health · 2022
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. COVID-19: Shades of Grey.Medical journal, Armed Forces India · 2020
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Impact of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic in Coastal Kenya.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2019
    Article
  12. The Spanish Influenza Pandemic: a lesson from history 100 years after 1918.Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2019
    Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Control Measures for Human Respiratory Viral Infection.Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine · 2016
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Peter C WeverDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands; Military Medicine Historical Research Society, The Netherlands.
Leo van Bergen
Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis · NLRoyal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Meuse-Argonne offensive, a decisive battle during the First World War, is the largest frontline commitment in American military history involving 1.2 million U.S. troops. With over 26,000 deaths among American soldiers, the offensive is considered "America's deadliest battle". The Meuse-Argonne offensive coincided with the highly fatal second wave of the influenza pandemic in 1918. In Europe and in U.S. Army training camps, 1918 pandemic influenza killed around 45,000 American soldiers making it questionable which battle should be regarded "America's deadliest". The origin of the influenza pandemic has been inextricably linked with the men who occupied the military camps and trenches during the First World War. The disease had a profound impact, both for the military apparatus and for the individual soldier. It struck all the armies and might have claimed toward 100 000 fatalities among soldiers overall during the conflict while rendering millions ineffective. Yet, it remains unclear whether 1918 pandemic influenza had an impact on the course of the First World War. Still, even until this day, virological and bacteriological analysis of preserved archived remains of soldiers that succumbed to 1918 pandemic influenza has important implications for preparedness for future pandemics. These aspects are reviewed here in a context of citations, images, and documents illustrating the tragic events of 1918.

Indexed as

World War IEuropeHistory, 20th CenturyHumansInfluenza, HumanMilitary PersonnelPandemicsUnited States1918 Pandemic influenzaFirst World Warmortalityrisk factorssecondary bacterial pneumoniaSpanish influenza

Identifiers

PMID24975798
PMCPMC4181817
OpenAlexW2032920080

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.