ArticleHepatology (Baltimore, Md.)2014
T-cell immunity and hepatitis C virus reinfection after cure of chronic hepatitis C with an interferon-free antiviral regimen in a chimpanzee.
Article in Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibodies to an interfering epitope in hepatitis C virus E2 can mask vaccine-induced neutralizing activity.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2015Trial
- Development of Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) for Hepatitis C Virus genotype 4: a novel approach for vaccine development in Egypt.BMC biotechnology · 2025Article
- Hepatitis C Virus and the Host: A Mutual Endurance Leaving Indelible Scars in the Host's Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Phenotype and fate of liver-resident CD8 T cells during acute and chronic hepacivirus infection.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- T cell responses during HBV and HCV infections: similar but not quite the same?Current opinion in virology · 2021Review
- Towards a Systems Immunology Approach to Understanding Correlates of Protective Immunity against HCV.Viruses · 2021Review
- Review
- Epigenetic scarring of exhausted T cells hinders memory differentiation upon eliminating chronic antigenic stimulation.Nature immunology · 2021Article
- Where to Next? Research Directions after the First Hepatitis C Vaccine Efficacy Trial.Viruses · 2021Review
- Immunological Mechanisms for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk after Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- T-Cell Immunity against the Hepatitis C Virus: A Persistent Research Priority in an Era of Highly Effective Therapy.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2021Review
- Adaptive Immune Response against Hepatitis C Virus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Reversal of T Cell Exhaustion in Chronic HCV Infection.Viruses · 2020Review
- Priming of Antiviral CD8 T Cells without Effector Function by a Persistently Replicating Hepatitis C-Like Virus.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Article
- Reversal of Immunity After Clearance of Chronic HCV Infection-All Reset?Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- NKG2A is a NK cell exhaustion checkpoint for HCV persistence.Nature communications · 2019Article
- Modulation of the Immune System in Chronic Hepatitis C and During Antiviral Interferon-Free Therapy.Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis · 2019Review
- Vaccination to prevent T cell subversion can protect against persistent hepacivirus infection.Nature communications · 2019Article
- In Chronic Hepatitis C Infection, Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Accumulation and T Cell Dysfunctions Revert Partially and Late After Successful Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
unlabelledMemory CD8+ T cells generated by spontaneous resolution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection rapidly control secondary infections and reduce the risk of virus persistence. Here, CD8+ T-cell immunity and response to reinfection were assessed in a chimpanzee cured of an earlier chronic infection with an interferon (IFN)-free antiviral regimen. CD8+ T cells expanded from liver immediately before and 2 years after cure of chronic infection with two direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) targeted epitopes in the E2, nonstructural (NS)5a, and NS5b proteins. A second infection to assess CD8+ T-cell responsiveness resulted in rapid suppression of HCV replication by week 2, but viremia rebounded 3 weeks later and the infection persisted. The E2, NS5a, and NS5b proteins remained dominant CD8+ T-cell targets after reinfection. Resurgent HCV replication was temporally associated with mutational escape of NS5a and NS5b class I epitopes that had also mutated during the first chronic infection. Two epitopes in E2 remained intact throughout both persistent infections. Intrahepatic CD8+ T cells targeting intact and escape-prone epitopes differed in expression of phenotypic markers of functional exhaustion 2 years after successful DAA therapy and in the capacity to expand in liver upon reinfection.
conclusionsThe intrahepatic HCV-specific CD8+ T-cell repertoire established during chronic infection was narrowly focused, but very stable, after cure with DAA. Existing intrahepatic CD8+ T cells targeting dominant epitopes of the challenge virus failed to prevent persistence. Vaccination after DAA cure may be necessary to broaden T-cell responses and reduce the risk of a second persistent infection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.