ReviewNature reviews. Microbiology2014
Botulinum neurotoxins: genetic, structural and mechanistic insights.
Review in Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 321 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
321 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 619 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Promising minimally invasive treatment modalities for symptomatic temporomandibular joint disc displacement with reduction: a randomized controlled clinical trial.BMC oral health · 2022Trial
- OnabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of major depressive disorder: a phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in adult females.International clinical psychopharmacology · 2020Trial
- Botulinum Toxin Type A and Physiotherapy in Spasticity of the Lower Limbs Due to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.Toxins · 2019Trial
- AbobotulinumtoxinA: A New Therapy for Hip Osteoarthritis. A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Multicenter Study.Toxins · 2018Trial
- Article
- Structure and functional divergence of the non-canonical BoNT-like toxin PG1 and PG2.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Why the Same Dose of Botulinum Toxin A Is Less Predictable in Small Muscles: A Discrete Threshold Model.Toxins · 2026Article
- Observational
- [Botulinum toxin A in the ophthalmological practice: therapeutic and esthetic applications : Indications, prerequisites and procedure].Die Ophthalmologie · 2026Review
- Botulinum Toxin in Children and Adolescents-A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Applications.Toxins · 2026Review
- Review
- A belt-buckle checkpoint regulates the onset of botulinum neurotoxin intoxication.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Acetylcholine in Brain-Body Communication: Biological Mechanisms and Physiological Roles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- RTP004 Peptide Binds to Botulinum Neurotoxin, Increases Cell Surface Binding, and Enhances Cellular SNAP-25 Cleavage.Toxins · 2026Article
- Laboratory Diagnostics of Botulism Cases in Livestock in Poland in 2022-2024.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Steric confinement-induced emission probe for monitoring protein conformations in live cells.Communications chemistry · 2026Article
261 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are produced by anaerobic bacteria of the genus Clostridium and cause a persistent paralysis of peripheral nerve terminals, which is known as botulism. Neurotoxigenic clostridia belong to six phylogenetically distinct groups and produce more than 40 different BoNT types, which inactivate neurotransmitter release owing to their metalloprotease activity. In this Review, we discuss recent studies that have improved our understanding of the genetics and structure of BoNT complexes. We also describe recent insights into the mechanisms of BoNT entry into the general circulation, neuronal binding, membrane translocation and neuroparalysis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.