ReviewNature reviews. Microbiology2014
The molecular arms race between African trypanosomes and humans.
Review in Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed.
- Infection-associated acute kidney injury in resource-limited settings.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- Highlights in Cysteine Protease Inhibitors as Antiparasitic Agents Against Trypanosomatids.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Apolipoproteins L involvement in immunity.Journal of human immunity · 2026Review
- GDIv2: improving variant selection from human exomes.Bioinformatics advances · 2026Article
- APOL1-mediated kidney disease: a narrative review of the lessons learnt from the past 15 years.BMC nephrology · 2025Review
- De novo rates of aProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Review
- Review
- The Janus-faced functions of Apolipoproteins L in membrane dynamics.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Article
- Haptoglobin is dispensable for haemoglobin uptake byFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Apolipoproteins L1 and L3 control mitochondrial membrane dynamics.Cell reports · 2023Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence of African trypanosomes: From laboratory models to clinically relevant hosts.Virulence · 2023Review
- Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) cation current in HEK-293 cells and in human podocytes.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2023Article
- Evolution-informed therapy for kidney disease.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2023Article
- Deep kinetoplast genome analyses result in a novel molecular assay for detectingNAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2022Article
- Fexinidazole for Human African Trypanosomiasis, the Fruit of a Successful Public-Private Partnership.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Variant APOL1 protein in plasma associates with larger particles in humans and mouse models of kidney injury.PloS one · 2022Article
- Role of Virulence Factors of Trypanosomatids in the Insect Vector and Putative Genetic Events Involved in Surface Protein Diversity.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Emerging Insights Into Chronic Renal Disease Pathogenesis in Hypertension From Human and Animal Genomic Studies.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2021Review
- Evolution of Renal-Disease Factor APOL1 Results in Cis and Trans Orientations at the Endoplasmic Reticulum That Both Show Cytotoxic Effects.Molecular biology and evolution · 2021Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Humans can survive bloodstream infection by African trypanosomes, owing to the activity of serum complexes that have efficient trypanosome-killing ability. The two trypanosome subspecies that are responsible for human sleeping sickness--Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense--can evade this defence mechanism by expressing distinct resistance proteins. In turn, sequence variation in the gene that encodes the trypanosome-killing component in human serum has enabled populations in western Africa to restore resistance to T. b. rhodesiense, at the expense of the high probability of developing kidney sclerosis. These findings highlight the importance of resistance to trypanosomes in human evolution.
Indexed as
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.