ArticlePloS one2014
Role of metformin in suppressing 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer in diabetic and non-diabetic mice: effect on tumor angiogenesis and cell proliferation.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic impact of vildagliptin vs. gliclazide on insulin resistance and advanced glycated end product levels in newly diagnosed Egyptian diabetics: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Trial
- Metformin as a Multifaceted Therapeutic Agent for Gastrointestinal Diseases: Mechanisms, Clinical Efficacy, and Future Directions.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2026Review
- Dose-Response Relationship of Niclosamide and Metformin Combination in ApcGut and liver · 2026Article
- Metformin in gastrointestinal cancers and inflammatory bowel disease: Unraveling its mechanisms and therapeutic applications.iScience · 2026Review
- Piperazine ferulate impact on diabetes-induced testicular dysfunction: unveiling genetic insights, MAPK/ERK/JNK pathways, and TGF-β signaling.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Article
- Impact of thermal processing on phytochemical profile and cardiovascular protection of Beta vulgaris L. in hyperlipidemic rats.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Metformin's role in lowering colorectal cancer risk among individuals with diabetes from the Southern Community Cohort Study.Cancer epidemiology · 2024Article
- Metformin: From Diabetes to Cancer-Unveiling Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies.Biology · 2024Review
- New thiophene derivative augments the antitumor activity of γ-irradiation against colorectal cancer in mice via anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic pathways.Discover oncology · 2022Article
- Article
- Metformin exerts synergistic anti-proliferative effects with liraglutide in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2022Article
- Formulation and Characterization of Doxycycline-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles for Testing Antitumor/Antiangiogenic Action in Experimental Colon Cancer in Mice.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Metformin inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation by regulation of a novel Loc100506691-CHAC1 axis.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2021Article
- Metformin and Cancer Glucose Metabolism: At the Bench or at the Bedside?Biomolecules · 2021Review
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) Signaling in Glucose Metabolism in Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Chemopreventive Effect of 5-Flurouracil Polymeric Hybrid PLGA-Lecithin Nanoparticles against Colon Dysplasia Model in Mice and Impact on p53 Apoptosis.Biomolecules · 2021Article
- New roles for dopamine DMolecular psychiatry · 2020Article
- Histomorphological, VEGF and TGF-β immunoexpression changes in the diabetic rats' ovary and the potential amelioration following treatment with metformin and insulin.Journal of molecular histology · 2020Article
- The Elusive Link Between Cancer FDG Uptake and Glycolytic Flux Explains the Preserved Diagnostic Accuracy of PET/CT in Diabetes.Translational oncology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2025-07-11Concerns/Issues about Data · Concerns/Issues about Image · Concerns/Issues about Methods · Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Objections by Author(s) · Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Several studies indicated that type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance are associated with increased colon cancer risk. Recently, studies suggest that metformin can reduce cancer risk in diabetic or non-diabetic patients with unclear mechanisms. This work aimed to determine the effect of metformin on chemically-induced colon cancer in mice. Colon cancer was induced using 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH, 20 mg/kg/week, s.c.) for fifteen weeks. Experiment I: healthy mice were fed with basal diet for four weeks and then allocated into seven groups, (i) saline, (ii) DMH, (iii) oxaliplatin, (iv-v): metformin (100 or 200 mg/kg) and (vi-vii): oxaliplatin+metformin (100 or 200 mg/kg), respectively. Experiment II: type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced by injection of STZ (30 mg/kg) after four weeks of high-fat feeding and then mice were allocated into seven groups similar to those reported in experiment I. Examination of the colonic tissue at the end of the experiment highlighted an increase in angiogenic markers and cell proliferation and showed a greater immunostaining for insulin growth factor I receptors and CD34 in the colon of diabetic mice compared to non-diabetics. In general, metformin downregulated tumor angiogenesis and augmented the antitumor effect of oxaliplatin. Overall, the current results showed that metformin protected against DMH-induced colon cancer in non-diabetic and diabetic mice. This therapeutic effect was, at least in part, attributed to its anti-angiogenic and anti-proliferative mechanisms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.