ArticlePloS one2014
Primary vs. secondary antibody deficiency: clinical features and infection outcomes of immunoglobulin replacement.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03211065 (The Use of 20% Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy in Patients With B Cell Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma With Humoral Immune Dysfunction After Treatment With Rituximab), which is not on this map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Use of 20% Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy in Patients With B Cell Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma With Humoral Immune Dysfunction After Treatment With Rituximab
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19-related health outcomes in people with primary immunodeficiency: A systematic review.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2022Pooled it
- BAFF-R expression as a potential biomarker associated with COVID-19 vaccine non-responsiveness in antibody-deficient patients.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Article
- Bridging the Gap in Secondary Antibody Deficiencies: Current Evidence and Unmet Needs in Diagnosis and Management with Immunoglobulin Replacement.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- "Secondary hypogammaglobulinemia and lymphocytopenia in patients with inflammatory neurological diseases on anti-CD20 therapy: risk of infection and infection-related mortality".Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Disparities in health-related quality of life between patients with primary and secondary antibody deficiencies.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2025Article
- Real-World Effectiveness, Safety, and Tolerability of Facilitated Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin 10% in Secondary Immunodeficiency Disease: A Systematic Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Healthcare resource utilization and costs in immunodeficient patients receiving subcutaneous Ig: Real-world evidence from France.PloS one · 2025Article
- Multiple Myeloma and Secondary Immunodeficiency: A Retrospective Database Analysis Assessing Burden of Infection and Treatment Patterns.Advances in hematology · 2025Article
- Secondary antibody deficiencies in the modern era: emerging trends, diagnostic pitfalls, and advances in personalised management.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Subcutaneous immunoglobulin replacement therapy in patients with immunodeficiencies - impact of drug packaging and administration method on patient reported outcomes.BMC immunology · 2024Article
- Recurrent opportunistic infections in a HIV-negative patient with combined C6 andOpen medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2024Article
- Respiratory infectious burden in a cohort of antibody deficiency patients treated with immunoglobulin replacement therapy: The impact of lung pathology and gastroesophageal reflux disease.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2023Article
- Article
- Review
- Should treatment of hypogammaglobulinemia with immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT) become standard of care in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia?Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Immunoglobulin replacement therapy in patients with immunodeficiencies: impact of infusion method on patient-reported outcomes.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2022Article
- Pediatric Prediction Model for Low Immunoglobulin G Level Based on Serum Globulin and Illness Status.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Ten-year population trends of immunoglobulin use, burden of adult antibody deficiency and feasibility of subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg) replacement in Hong Kong Chinese.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Observational
- Identifying Safety Thresholds for Immunosuppressive Drugs: Applying Insights from Primary Antibody Deficiencies to Mitigate Adverse Events in Secondary Antibody Deficiencies Using Mathematical Modeling of Preclinical and Early Clinical Data.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2021Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Secondary antibody deficiency can occur as a result of haematological malignancies or certain medications, but not much is known about the clinical and immunological features of this group of patients as a whole. Here we describe a cohort of 167 patients with primary or secondary antibody deficiencies on immunoglobulin (Ig)-replacement treatment. The demographics, causes of immunodeficiency, diagnostic delay, clinical and laboratory features, and infection frequency were analysed retrospectively. Chemotherapy for B cell lymphoma and the use of Rituximab, corticosteroids or immunosuppressive medications were the most common causes of secondary antibody deficiency in this cohort. There was no difference in diagnostic delay or bronchiectasis between primary and secondary antibody deficiency patients, and both groups experienced disorders associated with immune dysregulation. Secondary antibody deficiency patients had similar baseline levels of serum IgG, but higher IgM and IgA, and a higher frequency of switched memory B cells than primary antibody deficiency patients. Serious and non-serious infections before and after Ig-replacement were also compared in both groups. Although secondary antibody deficiency patients had more serious infections before initiation of Ig-replacement, treatment resulted in a significant reduction of serious and non-serious infections in both primary and secondary antibody deficiency patients. Patients with secondary antibody deficiency experience similar delays in diagnosis as primary antibody deficiency patients and can also benefit from immunoglobulin-replacement treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.