ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2014
Helminth infection reactivates latent γ-herpesvirus via cytokine competition at a viral promoter.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 130 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
130 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 186 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of female genital schistosomiasis and human papillomavirus and cervical pre-cancer: a systematic review.BMC women's health · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of schistosomes on host anti-viral immune response and the acquisition, virulence, and prevention of viral infections: A systematic review.PLoS pathogens · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Determinants of Gammaherpesvirus Shedding in Saliva Among Ugandan Children and Their Mothers.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2018Trial
- HIGH DOSE GAMMAHERPESVIRUS INFECTION IN MACROPHAGES RESULTS IN INFLAMMATORY MULTIMODAL CELL DEATH.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- CYTOKINE SIGNALING REGULATES MULTIPLE STAGES OF GAMMA-HERPESVIRUS INFECTION IN MYELOID CELLS.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Long-term inhibition of protease hypersensitivity by initial immunological cross-regulation and epigenetic memory in lung stromal cells.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Schistosome Infection is Associated With High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Persistence, Together With Altered Cervicovaginal Microbiota.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Type 2 immune history imprints local training in nerve and airway associated interstitial macrophages (NAMs) for disease tolerance during lethal respiratory viral infection.Research square · 2026Article
- Keystone Epitope Theory: An Ecological Perspective on RNA Viruses, Tumor Immunoediting, and Vaccine Design.Pathogens & immunity · 2026Review
- TNF-α inhibits Epstein Barr virus reactivation through the GPX4 mediated glutathione pathway.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Helminth Coinfections Modulate Disease Dynamics and Vaccination Success in the Era of Emerging Infectious Diseases.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Helminth infections affect host immune responses to viral infections and vaccines.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Correlation between Epstein-Barr virus and anti-cytomegalovirus/-herpes simplex virus/-Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Virology-The next fifty years.Cell · 2024Article
- Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae challenge during gammaherpesvirus infection enhances viral reactivation and latency.Virology · 2024Article
- Article
- Systemic Immune Modulation by Gastrointestinal Nematodes.Annual review of immunology · 2024Review
- Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Is Associated With Increased Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) Seropositivity and Higher KSHV Antibody Breadth and Magnitude: Results of a Case-Control Study From Rural Uganda.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
70 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mammals are coinfected by multiple pathogens that interact through unknown mechanisms. We found that helminth infection, characterized by the induction of the cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) and the activation of the transcription factor Stat6, reactivated murine γ-herpesvirus infection in vivo. IL-4 promoted viral replication and blocked the antiviral effects of interferon-γ (IFNγ) by inducing Stat6 binding to the promoter for an important viral transcriptional transactivator. IL-4 also reactivated human Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus from latency in cultured cells. Exogenous IL-4 plus blockade of IFNγ reactivated latent murine γ-herpesvirus infection in vivo, suggesting a "two-signal" model for viral reactivation. Thus, chronic herpesvirus infection, a component of the mammalian virome, is regulated by the counterpoised actions of multiple cytokines on viral promoters that have evolved to sense host immune status.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.