ReviewBioMed research international2014
Three-dimensional in vitro models of granuloma to study bacteria-host interactions, drug-susceptibility, and resuscitation of dormant mycobacteria.
Review in BioMed research international, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- 3D Hydrogel Culture System Recapitulates Key Tuberculosis Phenotypes and Demonstrates Pyrazinamide Efficacy.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Methods and Models for StudyingInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The Human PathogenBiology · 2024Article
- The Upregulation ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Evolution of Antibacterial Drug Screening Methods: Current Prospects for Mycobacteria.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Article
- Drug Delivery Systems on Leprosy Therapy: Moving Towards Eradication?Pharmaceutics · 2020Review
- Article
- Animal Models of Tuberculosis Vaccine Research: An Important Component in the Fight against Tuberculosis.BioMed research international · 2020Review
- Application of Transcriptomics to Enhance Early Diagnostics of Mycobacterial Infections, with an Emphasis onVeterinary sciences · 2019Review
- Graphene oxide prevents mycobacteria entry into macrophages through extracellular entrapment.Nanoscale advances · 2019Article
- Advances in Cardiovascular Disease Lipid Research Can Provide Novel Insights Into Mycobacterial Pathogenesis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Review
- Flow-cytometric analysis of human monocyte subsets targeted by Mycobacterium bovis BCG before granuloma formation.Pathogens and disease · 2018Article
- A Rapid Method for Quantifying Viable Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Cellular Infection Assays.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2016Article
- Hypoxia promotes Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific up-regulation of granulysin in human T cells.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium bovis, and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis can survive within host macrophages in a dormant state, encased within an organized aggregate of immune host cells called granuloma. Granulomas consist of uninfected macrophages, foamy macrophages, epithelioid cells, and T lymphocytes accumulated around infected macrophages. Within granulomas, activated macrophages can fuse to form multinucleated giant cells, also called giant Langhans cells. A rim of T lymphocytes surrounds the core, and a tight coat of fibroblast closes the structure. Several in vivo models have been used to study granuloma's structure and function, but recently developed in vitro models of granuloma show potential for closer observation of the early stages of host's responses to live mycobacteria. This paper reviews culture conditions that resulted in three-dimensional granulomas, formed by the adhesion of cell populations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected with mycobacteria. The similarities of these models to granulomas encountered in clinical specimens include cellular composition, granulomas' cytokine production, and cell surface antigens. A reliable in vitro dormancy model may serve as a useful platform to test whether drug candidates can kill dormant mycobacteria. Novel drugs that target dormancy-specific pathways may shorten the current long, difficult treatments necessary to cure mycobacterial diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.