ReviewFrontiers in microbiology2014
Botulism outbreaks in natural environments - an update.
Review in Frontiers in microbiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tracing and characterization of a family outbreak of subtype B2 botulism linked to homemade pickled eggs in Jinan, China.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- The perfect storm in a coastal pond: duckweed, botulism, bird mortalities, and recurrent blooms of Euglena sanguinea.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2026Article
- Laboratory Diagnostics of Botulism Cases in Livestock in Poland in 2022-2024.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Botulism in waterfowl: case report in Argentina.Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Overview of botulinum neurotoxin-producing clostridia in soils in France.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Distribution and prevalence ofJournal of medical microbiology · 2025Article
- Botulism type C outbreak in free-ranging wild birds in a public urban park in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo state, Brazil.Open veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Whole genome sequencing of neurotoxin-producingFrontiers in public health · 2025Article
- The final frontier: using carcasses for one health surveillance at the ecosystem interface.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Ecology and Management of a Large Outbreak of Avian Botulism in Wild Waterbirds in Northeastern Italy (2019-2022).Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Antimicrobial resistance in the wild: Insights from epigenetics.Evolutionary applications · 2024Review
- The Latent Threat in Wild Birds:Veterinary sciences · 2024Review
- Emerging botulism in Vietnam: Identifiable risk factors, future perspective, and recommendations.Journal of global health · 2024Article
- Complete genomes ofMicrobial genomics · 2024Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence ofVirulence · 2023Review
- Article
- ViableEpidemiology and infection · 2023Article
- Infant Botulism, Israel, 2007-2021.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Review
- Article
- Zoonotic diseases of fish and their prevention and control.The veterinary quarterly · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clostridium botulinum comprises a diverse group of botulinum toxin-producing anaerobic rod-shaped spore-forming bacteria that are ubiquitously distributed in soils and aquatic sediments. Decomposition of plants, algae, and animals creates anaerobic environments that facilitate growth of C. botulinum, which may then enter into food webs leading to intoxication of animals. Via saprophytic utilization of nutrients, the bacteria rapidly sporulate, creating a reservoir of highly robust spores. In the present review, we focus on the occurrence of C. botulinum in non-clinical environments, and examine factors influencing growth and environmental factors associated with botulism outbreaks. We also outline cases involving specific environments and their biota. In wetlands, it has been found that some C. botulinum strains can associate with toxin-unaffected organisms--including algae, plants, and invertebrates--in which the bacteria appear to germinate and stay in the vegetative form for longer periods of time. We suggest the need for future investigations to resolve issues related to the environments in which C. botulinum spores may accumulate and germinate, and where the vegetative forms may multiply.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.