ReviewThe Journal of infectious diseases2014
Sex-based differences in HIV type 1 pathogenesis.
Review in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 115 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Comorbidities in women living with HIV: A systematic review.HIV medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Gender differences in tuberculosis incidence rates-A pooled analysis of data from seven high-income countries by age group and time period.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Sex, age, race and intervention type in clinical studies of HIV cure: a systematic review.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2015Pooled it
- Factors Associated With Systemic Immune Activation Indices in a Global Primary Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Cohort of People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Antiretroviral Therapy.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022 · on this mapTrial
- Sex-related differences in markers of immune activation in virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients.Biology of sex differences · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Incidence and Risk Factors for Non-AIDS Comorbidities After COVID-19 in People Living With HIV in Atlanta, Georgia.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026Article
- Sex-specific gut mycobiome dysbiosis activates macrophage dectin-1 signaling to drive neurobehavioral deficits in EcoHIV-infected mice.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- The HIV Reservoir and Immune Landscape Across the Life Course of Women: Implications for Cure Strategies.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Oral PrEP use among pregnant or parenting young women in South Africa: evidence from a large community-based implementation study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Antiviral Drugs in HIV and Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanistic Insights and Clinical Implications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Early sex-related transcriptional differences in CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Learning from nature: HIV elite controllers as blueprints for a functional cure.Virology journal · 2025Review
- Gonadocorticoids Have Different Effects on the Expression of Toll-like Receptors When Infected with Various HIV-1 Subtypes.Viruses · 2025Article
- Sex differences in HIV-1 reservoir cell selection are linked to altered innate immune profiles.Science translational medicine · 2025Observational
- Gender equality in leadership of HIV care cascade clinical trials: A methodological study.HIV medicine · 2025Article
- Demographics, Trends, and Cardiovascular Mortality in Kaposi Sarcoma Patients in the United States: An Analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database.Health science reports · 2025Article
- PrEP Uptake and Utilisation Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- HIV-Associated Dermatological Alterations: Barrier Dysfunction, Immune Impairment, and Microbiome Changes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Sex-specific associations between cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory biomarkers and cognition in antiretroviral-naïve people with HIV in rural Uganda.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a global infectious diseases threat that disproportionally affects women. Beyond social and political factors, biological and genetic differences have been identified that lead to differential disease courses and outcomes in men and women. Following HIV type 1 (HIV-1) seroconversion, women have up to 40% lower HIV loads and higher CD4(+) T-cell counts than men. However, at the same level of viremia, progression to AIDS is faster in women. After adjustment for viral load, HIV-positive women also display increased levels of generalized immune activation and experience the consequences of elevated inflammatory activity more frequently than men. Part of these observations are linked to sex-based differences in innate immunity, in which the differential ability of plasmacytoid dendritic cells to produce interferon α following stimulation of Toll-like receptor 7 and upregulation of interferon-stimulated genes play a central role. Here, we review the current knowledge and remaining gaps therein regarding sex-based differences in HIV-1 pathogenesis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.