ReviewImmunology2014
Viral (hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, HIV) persistence and immune homeostasis.
Review in Immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- One virus-many strategies: type-specific interactions between human adenoviruses and innate immunity.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Vitamin D deficiency in chronic hepatitis B across the disease spectrum: association with viral activity rather than hepatocellular carcinoma.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Retention in care and viral suppression in people living with HIV and chronic hepatitis B in Maputo City, Mozambique: a prospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Does SARS-CoV-2 Induce IgG4 Synthesis to Evade the Immune System?Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Article
- Review
- IgG4 Antibodies Induced by Repeated Vaccination May Generate Immune Tolerance to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Persistent Overactive Cytotoxic Immune Response in a Spanish Cohort of Individuals With Long-COVID: Identification of Diagnostic Biomarkers.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Resident macrophages of the lung and liver: The guardians of our tissues.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Insights into SARS-CoV-2 Persistence and Its Relevance.Viruses · 2021Review
- Emerging evidence of a COVID-19 thrombotic syndrome has treatment implications.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2020Review
- ATM Deficiency Accelerates DNA Damage, Telomere Erosion, and Premature T Cell Aging in HIV-Infected Individuals on Antiretroviral Therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- The classification, genetic diagnosis and modelling of monogenic autoinflammatory disorders.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2018Review
- Inhibition of TRF2 accelerates telomere attrition and DNA damage in naïve CD4 T cells during HCV infection.Cell death & disease · 2018Article
- Integrative Analysis of Immunological Data to Explore Chronic Immune T-Cell Activation in Successfully Treated HIV Patients.PloS one · 2017Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune homeostasis is a host characteristic that maintains biological balance within a host. Humans have evolved many host defence mechanisms that ensure the survival of individuals upon encountering a pathogenic infection, with recovery or persistence from a viral infection being determined by both viral factors and host immunity. Chronic viral infections, such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and HIV, often result in chronic fluctuating viraemia in the face of host cellular and humoral immune responses, which are dysregulated by multi-faceted mechanisms that are incompletely understood. This review attempts to illuminate the mechanisms involved in this process, focusing on immune homeostasis in the setting of persistent viral infection from the aspects of host defence mechanism, including interferon-stimulated genes, apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide 3 (APOBEC3), autophagy and interactions of various immune cells, cytokines and regulatory molecules.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.