ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2014
HDL-3 is a superior predictor of carotid artery disease in a case-control cohort of 1725 participants.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Determinants of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) functions beyond proteome in Asian Indians: exploring the fatty acid profile of HDL phospholipids.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2022Trial
- Relationship of baseline HDL subclasses, small dense LDL and LDL triglyceride to cardiovascular events in the AIM-HIGH clinical trial.Atherosclerosis · 2016 · on this mapTrial
- The study on risk assessment of carotid plaques in the Northern Chinese population based on LASSO regression.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association between HDL-cholesterol subfractions and the risk of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a single-center retrospective observational study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Serum HDL-C subfractions as predictors of cardiovascular calcification in hemodialysis patients: novel insights and clinical implications.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Fish-Derived Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Guardians of High-Density Lipoprotein?Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2023Article
- Serum Cholesterol Efflux Capacity in Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy.Ophthalmology science · 2022Article
- Glycosylation of HDL-Associated Proteins and Its Implications in Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis, Metabolism and Function.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- Particle size and cholesterol content of circulating HDL correlate with cardiovascular death in chronic heart failure.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Apolipoprotein A1 in Cerebrospinal Fluid Is Insufficient to Distinguish Alzheimer's Disease from Other Dementias in a Naturalistic, Clinical Setting.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2020Article
- Paraoxonase 1, HDL Subclasses and Post Surgery Acute Inflammation: A Pilot Study.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- HDL subclasses and mortality in acute heart failure patients.Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry · 2019Article
- The Protective Role of Adiponectin for Lipoproteins in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients: Relationship with Diabetes and Body Mass Index.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2019Article
- A cross-sectional and longitudinal study between association of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from fish consumption and high-density lipoprotein heterogeneity.Heart and vessels · 2018Article
- Acute aflatoxin B1 - Induced hepatotoxicity alters gene expression and disrupts lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in rats.Toxicology reports · 2017Article
- ApoL1 levels in high density lipoprotein and cardiovascular event presentation in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia.Journal of lipid research · 2016Article
- HDL2/HDL3 Ratio Changes, Metabolic Syndrome Markers, and Other Factors in a Japanese Population.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2016Article
- Concentration of Smaller High-Density Lipoprotein Particle (HDL-P) Is Inversely Correlated With Carotid Intima Media Thickening After Confounder Adjustment: The Multi Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).Journal of the American Heart Association · 2016Article
- High-density lipoprotein subclass measurements improve mortality risk prediction, discrimination and reclassification in a cardiac catheterization cohort.Atherosclerosis · 2016Article
- The improvement of large High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) particle levels, and presumably HDL metabolism, depend on effects of low-carbohydrate diet and weight loss.EXCLI journal · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRecent data suggest that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are likely not in the causative pathway of atheroprotection, shifting focus from HDL-C to its subfractions and associated proteins. This study's goal was to determine which HDL phenotype was the better predictor of carotid artery disease (CAAD). METHODS AND
resultsHDL-2 and HDL-3 were measured in 1725 participants of European ancestry in a prevalent case-control cohort study of CAAD. Stratified analyses were conducted for men (n=1201) and women (n=524). Stepwise linear regression was used to determine whether HDL-C, HDL-2, HDL-3, or apolipoprotein A1 was the best predictor of CAAD, while adjusting for the confounders of censored age, diabetes, and current smoking status. In both men and women, HDL-3 was negatively associated with CAAD (P=0.0011 and 0.033 for men and women, respectively); once HDL-3 was included in the model, no other HDL phenotype was significantly associated with CAAD. Addition of paraoxonase 1 activity to the aforementioned regression model showed a significant and independent (of HDL-3) association with CAAD in men (P=0.001) but not in the smaller female subgroup.
conclusionsThis study is the first to contrast the associations of HDL-2 and HDL-3 with CAAD. We found that HDL-3 levels were more predictive of CAAD status than HDL-2, HDL-C, or apolipoprotein A1. In addition, for men, paraoxonase 1 activity improved the overall model prediction for CAAD independently and additively with HDL-3 levels. Further investigation into the molecular mechanisms through which HDL-3 is associated with protection from CAAD is warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.