ArticleJournal of cellular physiology2015
TGF-β1 Suppresses Plasmin and MMP Activity in Flexor Tendon Cells via PAI-1: Implications for Scarless Flexor Tendon Repair.
Article in Journal of cellular physiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- A human synovial tendon-on-a-chip models key features of peritendinous adhesions and offers a new approach methodology for testing anti-fibrotic drugs.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Challenge of Corneal Ulcer Healing: A Novel Conceptual Framework, the "Triad" of Corneal Ulcer Healing/Corneal Neovascularization/Intraocular Pressure, and Avascular Tendon Healing, for Evaluation of Corneal Ulcer Therapy, Therapy of Neovascularization, Glaucoma Therapy, and Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Efficacy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Magnesium ions attenuate tendon graft fibrosis during its ligamentization after ACL reconstruction through modulation of fibroblast to myofibroblast trans-differentiation by promoting PGE2 secretion.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- Actin Polymerization Status Regulates Tenocyte Homeostasis Through Myocardin-Related Transcription Factor-A.Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Actin Polymerization Status Regulates Tendon Homeostasis through Myocardin-Related Transcription Factor-A.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Antifibrotic and Pro-regenerative Effects of SMAD3 siRNA and Collagen I mRNA-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles in Human Tenocytes.ACS applied nano materials · 2024Article
- Characterization of TGFβ1-induced tendon-like structure in the scaffold-free three-dimensional tendon cell culture system.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Study of the Synergistic Immunomodulatory and Antifibrotic Effects of Dual-Loaded Budesonide and Serpine1 siRNA Lipid-Polymer Nanoparticles Targeting Macrophage Dysregulation in Tendinopathy.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2024Article
- Advancing Novel Strategies against Post-surgical Tendon Adhesion Bands, Exploring New Frontiers.Current pharmaceutical design · 2024Review
- PAI-1 mediates TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast activation in tenocytes via mTOR signaling.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2023Article
- Therapeutic effects of asperosaponin VI in rabbit tendon disease.Regenerative therapy · 2022Article
- Targeting TGF-β signal transduction for fibrosis and cancer therapy.Molecular cancer · 2022Review
- The effect of intravenous human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSC) on transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), collagen type 1, and kidney histopathological features in the unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction model of wistar rats.Turkish journal of urology · 2020Article
- Transcriptomic Analysis of Cellular Pathways in Healing Flexor Tendons of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (PAI-1/Serpine1) Null Mice.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2020Article
- Evaluation of two distinct placental-derived membranes and their effect on tenocyte responses in vitro.Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2019Article
- Tendon stem progenitor cells: Understanding the biology to inform therapeutic strategies for tendon repair.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2019Review
- Growth factor delivery strategies for rotator cuff repair and regeneration.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2018Review
- Serpine1 Knockdown Enhances MMP Activity after Flexor Tendon Injury in Mice: Implications for Adhesions Therapy.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- [Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2017Article
- Cell and Biologic-Based Treatment of Flexor Tendon Injuries.Operative techniques in orthopaedics · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Flexor tendon injuries caused by deep lacerations to the hands are a challenging problem as they often result in debilitating adhesions that prevent the movement of the afflicted fingers. Evidence exists that tendon adhesions as well as scarring throughout the body are largely precipitated by the pleiotropic growth factor, Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1(TGF-β1), but the effects of TGF-β1 are poorly understood in tendon healing. Using an in vitro model of tendon healing, we previously found that TGF-β1 causes gene expression changes in tenocytes that are consistent with scar tissue and adhesion formation, including upregulation of the anti-fibrinolytic protein, PAI-1. Therefore, we hypothesized that TGF-β1 contributes to scarring and adhesions by reducing the activity of proteases responsible for ECM degradation and remodeling, such as plasmin and MMPs, via upregulation of PAI-1. To test our hypothesis, we examined the effects of TGF-β1 on the protease activity of tendon cells. We found that flexor tendon tenocytes treated with TGF-β1 had significantly reduced levels of active MMP-2 and plasmin. Interestingly, the effects of TGF-β1 on protease activity were completely abolished in tendon cells from homozygous plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) knockout (KO) mice, which are unable to express PAI-1. Our findings support the hypothesis that TGF-β1 induces PAI-1, which suppresses plasmin and plasmin-mediated MMP activity, and provide evidence that PAI-1 may be a novel therapeutic target for preventing adhesions and promoting a scarless, regenerative repair of flexor tendon injuries.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.