ArticleCritical care (London, England)2014
Persistent inflammation and T cell exhaustion in severe sepsis in the elderly.
Article in Critical care (London, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 113 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential Targets to Mitigate Trauma- or Sepsis-Induced Immune Suppression.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- The efficacy and safety of thymosin α1 for sepsis (TESTS): multicentre, double blinded, randomised, placebo controlled, phase 3 trial.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Trial
- Pathological Signal-Responsive Nanoplatforms for Sepsis: Integrating Biomarker Sensing With Spatiotemporal Drug Delivery and Immunomodulation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals immune remodeling in bone marrow during aged sepsis.GeroScience · 2026Article
- First-week absolute lymphocyte count dynamics and 28-day mortality in older adults with sepsis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Age-related differences and common pathways of lymphocyte subsets in sepsis: a comparative review of elderly and pediatric patients.Cell death & disease · 2026Review
- Sepsis Endotypes Defined by Lymphocyte Thresholds and Inflammation Inform Precision Immunomodulation.MedComm · 2026Article
- T cell immunometabolic dysfunction in a mouse model of cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis.BMC immunology · 2025Article
- Propagation of monocyte exhaustion memory and underlying mechanisms.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Sympathetic regulation of the host immune response to bacterial sepsis.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2025Review
- Machine learning algorithms for risk factor selection with application to 60-day sepsis morbidity risk for a geriatric hip fracture cohort.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- SAMSN1 causes sepsis immunosuppression by inducing macrophages to express coinhibitory molecules that cause T-cell exhaustion via KEAP1-NRF2 signaling.Chinese medical journal · 2025Article
- Unraveling immunosenescence in sepsis: from cellular mechanisms to therapeutics.Cell death & disease · 2025Review
- Malocclusion Worsens Survival Following Sepsis Due to the Disruption of Innate and Acquired Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- TM9SF1 as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker for Sepsis Severity and Mortality: A Longitudinal Study.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Lymphopenia in sepsis: a narrative review.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Review
- CD36-mediated ferroptosis destabilizes CD4Cell death & disease · 2024Article
- Compartmentalization of the inflammatory response during bacterial sepsis and severe COVID-19.Journal of intensive medicine · 2024Review
- Lactate's impact on immune cells in sepsis: unraveling the complex interplay.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionSepsis is known as a complex immunological response with hyperinflammation in the acute phase followed by immunosuppression. Although aging is crucial in sepsis, the impact of aging on inflammation and immunosuppression is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between inflammation and immunosuppression in aged patients and mice after sepsis.
methodsFifty-five patients with severe sepsis and 30 healthy donors were prospectively enrolled, and 90-day survival was compared between elderly (≥ 65 years) and adult (18-64 years) septic patients with serial measurement of serum interleukin (IL)-6. Within 24 h after diagnosis of severe sepsis, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated ex vivo to measure expression of the activation maker CD25 in T cells, IL-2 levels in the supernatant, and proliferation. In the mouse study, young (6-8 weeks) and aged (20-22 months) C57/B6 mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and survival was compared after 7 days with serial measurement of serum IL-6. Expression of the negative co-stimulatory molecules, CD25, and IL-2 in CD4+ T cells was measured.
resultsThe survival rate in elderly sepsis patients and aged septic mice was significantly lower than that in adult patients and young septic mice (60% vs. 93% in septic patients, 0% vs. 63% in septic mice, P < 0.05). Serum IL-6 levels in elderly sepsis patients and aged septic mice were persistently higher than those in adult patients and young septic mice. Expression of negative co-stimulatory molecules in CD4+ T cells in the spleen, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood was significantly higher in aged mice than in young mice (P < 0.01). Ex vivo stimulation decreased CD25 expression, IL-2 production, and proliferation to a greater extent in CD4+ T cells from elderly patients and aged septic mice than in those from adult patients and young septic mice. Elderly patients demonstrated increased detection of gram-negative bacteria at days 14-16 and 28-32 after sepsis (P < 0.05).
conclusionsPersistent inflammation and T cell exhaustion may be associated with decreased survival in elderly patients and mice after sepsis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.