ReviewJournal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia2014
Inflammatory mediators in mastitis and lactation insufficiency.
Review in Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- The preventive and therapeutic effects of probiotics on mastitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- SUpporting Mothers Milk Intervention Trial (SUMMIT) - a randomised controlled trial comparing different doses of domperidone for treating lactation insufficiency in mothers of preterm infants - study protocol.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Article
- Diagnosing Breastfeeding Difficulties: Where Do We Stand?Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Review
- Molecular, Phylogenetic and Immunohistochemical Detection of Bovine Mycoplasmosis in Clinical and Subclinical Mastitic Cows in Wasit Province, Iraq.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Article
- Th1 Cytokines Inhibit Acinar Morphogenesis and Milk Protein Expression in 3D Mammary Cultures.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Challenges and Opportunities in Quantifying Bioactive Compounds in Human Breastmilk.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Article
- Gut microbial metabolite indole-3-propionic acid inhibits inflammation and restores blood-milk barrier inFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- S-allylmercaptocysteine inhibits TLR4-mediated inflammation through enhanced formation of inhibitory MyD88 splice variant in mammary epithelial cells.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The unrevealed links: periodontal health, human milk composition, and infant gut microbiome dynamics.Primary health care research & development · 2024Review
- Immune Cell Contribution to Mammary Gland Development.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2024Review
- Does the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine's Clinical Protocol #36 'The Mastitis Spectrum' promote overtreatment and risk worsened outcomes for breastfeeding families? Commentary.International breastfeeding journal · 2023Article
- Protocatechuic acid inhibits LPS-induced mastitis in mice through activating the pregnane X receptor.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2023Article
- Lactation breast abscess treated with Gualou Xiaoyong decoction and painless lactation manipulation: A case report and review of literature.World journal of clinical cases · 2023Article
- Human Milk-Derived Levels of let-7g-5p May Serve as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker of Low Milk Supply in Breastfeeding Women.Nutrients · 2023Article
- 5-Hydroxytryptophan inhibits β-casein biosynthesis and promotes goat mammary epithelial cell apoptosis through the JAK2/STAT5a axis and the HTR7.Journal of animal science · 2023Article
- Lactation mastitis: Promising alternative indicators for early diagnosis.World journal of clinical cases · 2022Review
- Lactose on the basolateral side of mammary epithelial cells inhibits milk production concomitantly with signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 inactivation.Cell and tissue research · 2022Article
- The JMJD3 histone demethylase inhibitor GSK-J1 ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in a mastitis model.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2022Article
- Nanocurcumin alleviates inflammation and oxidative stress in LPS-induced mastitis via activation of Nrf2 and suppressing TLR4-mediated NF-κB and HMGB1 signaling pathways in rats.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mastitis is a common inflammatory disease during lactation that causes reduced milk supply. A growing body of evidence challenges the central role of pathogenic bacteria in mastitis, with disease severity associated with markers of inflammation rather than infection. Inflammation in the mammary gland may be triggered by microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) as well as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) binding to pattern recognition receptors such as the toll-like receptors (TLRs) on the surface of mammary epithelial cells and local immune cell populations. Activation of the TLR4 signalling pathway and downstream nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) is critical to mediating local mammary gland inflammation and systemic immune responses in mouse models of mastitis. However, activation of NFkB also induces epithelial cell apoptosis and reduced milk protein synthesis, suggesting that inflammatory mediators activated during mastitis promote partial involution. Perturbed milk flow, maternal stress and genetic predisposition are significant risk factors for mastitis, and could lead to a heightened TLR4-mediated inflammatory response, resulting in increased susceptibility and severity of mastitis disease in the context of low MAMP abundance. Therefore, heightened host inflammatory signalling may act in concert with pathogenic or commensal bacterial species to cause both the inflammation associated with mastitis and lactation insufficiency. Here, we present an alternate paradigm to the widely held notion that breast inflammation is driven principally by infectious bacterial pathogens, and suggest there may be other therapeutic strategies, apart from the currently utilised antimicrobial agents, that could be employed to prevent and treat mastitis in women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.