ArticleEmerging infectious diseases2014
Epidemiology of influenza virus types and subtypes in South Africa, 2009-2012.
Article in Emerging infectious diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The epidemiology of seasonal influenza after the 2009 influenza pandemic in Africa: a systematic review.African health sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Clinical characteristics and severity of influenza infections by virus type, subtype, and lineage: A systematic literature review.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2018Pooled it
- Influenza vaccination of pregnant women protects them over two consecutive influenza seasons in a randomized controlled trial.Expert review of vaccines · 2016Trial
- Changes in the Epidemiology of Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus During 2020-2022 Relative to the Pre-COVID-19 Pandemic Period (2017-2020) From Systematic Sentinel Syndromic Surveillance in South Africa.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Risk Factors for Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected and -Uninfected Individuals in South Africa, April 2020-March 2022: Data From Sentinel Surveillance.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Incidence and neutralizing antibody seroprevalence of influenza B virus in Egypt: Results of a community-based cohort study.PloS one · 2022Article
- Recurrent Sepsis Exacerbates CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Systematic Review of Important Viral Diseases in Africa in Light of the 'One Health' Concept.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Influenza species and subtypes circulation among hospitalized patients in Laleh hospital during two influenza seasonal (2016-2017 and 2017-2018) using a multiplex Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction.Infectious disease reports · 2020Article
- Illness Severity in Hospitalized Influenza Patients by Virus Type and Subtype, Spain, 2010-2017.Emerging infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Description of non-polio enteroviruses identified in two national surveillance programmes in South Africa.Southern African journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Healthcare utilisation patterns for respiratory and gastrointestinal syndromes and meningitis in Msunduzi municipality, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa, 2013.South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde · 2019Article
- Epidemiological and genetic characterization of pH1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses circulated in MENA region during 2009-2017.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Influenza B Virus-Related Hospitalizations in Northern China during the 2017-18 Influenza Season: A Multicenter Case Series.BioMed research international · 2019Article
- Distribution of influenza virus types by age using case-based global surveillance data from twenty-nine countries, 1999-2014.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Aged Mice are More Resistant to Influenza Virus Infection due to Reduced Inflammation and Lung Pathology.Aging and disease · 2018Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To determine clinical and epidemiologic differences between influenza caused by different virus types and subtypes, we identified patients and tested specimens. Patients were children and adults hospitalized with confirmed influenza and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) identified through active, prospective, hospital-based surveillance from 2009-2012 in South Africa. Respiratory specimens were tested, typed, and subtyped for influenza virus by PCR. Of 16,005 SARI patients tested, 1,239 (8%) were positive for influenza virus. Patient age and co-infections varied according to virus type and subtype, but disease severity did not. Case-patients with influenza B were more likely than patients with influenza A to be HIV infected. A higher proportion of case-patients infected during the first wave of the 2009 influenza pandemic were 5-24 years of age (19%) than were patients infected during the second wave (9%). Although clinical differences exist, treatment recommendations do not differ according to subtype; prevention through vaccination is recommended.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.